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分辨好坏利害的评价能力和趋利避害的选择能力,是价值主体和内在价值的充分且必要条件:当且仅当A具有分辨好坏利害的评价能力和趋利避害的选择能力时,对于A来说,事物才具有好坏价值,因而A才可以是价值主体,才具有内在价值。准此观之,自然界是具有内在价值的。然而,并非一切自然物都具有内在价值,只有一切生物具有内在价值。对于生物来说,事物是有好坏利害之分的,是有价值可言的,因而生物可以是价值主体,具有内在价值。反之,对于非生物来说,事物是无所谓好坏利害的,是不具有价值的,因而非生物不可能是价值主体,不可能具有内在价值。
The ability to distinguish between good and bad, and the ability to choose the best and the worst, is the necessary and sufficient condition for the value subject and the intrinsic value. If and only if A has the ability to distinguish between bad and bad, , For A, things have good and bad value, so that A can be the main value, it has intrinsic value. In this view, nature has intrinsic value. However, not all natural things have intrinsic value, only all creatures have intrinsic value. For creatures, things are good and bad points, there is value at all, so creatures can be the main value, with intrinsic value. On the other hand, things are indifferent to non-living things and have no value. Therefore, non-living things can not be the subject of value and can not have intrinsic value.