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随着大坝老化问题和人们环保意识的增强,大坝拆除在美国和北美地区日益普遍。以美国缅因州锡巴斯蒂库克河上的哈利法克斯堡(Fort Halifax)坝为例,介绍了大坝的拆除过程。该坝在计划拆除时屡屡遭到各利益方的反对,但经多方论证与层层审批,联邦能源管理委员会在该坝开槽过鱼的决定最终得到缅因州最高法院和当地认可。经过6 a监管过程,大坝溢洪道部分被拆除,水库水位逐步降低,鱼类栖息地得到恢复。
With the aging of dams and increasing awareness of environmental protection, dam dismantling is increasingly common in the United States and North America. Taking the example of the Fort Halifax dam on the Sebastiaoke Creek in Maine, USA, the dam removal process was introduced. The dam has repeatedly been opposed by various stakeholders when the plan is demolished. However, the decision by the FCE to slot fish in the dam has finally been endorsed by the Maine Supreme Court and locally accredited after multiple demonstrations and layers of approval. After 6 years of supervision, part of the spillway of the dam was dismantled, the water level of the reservoir gradually decreased, and the habitat of fish was resumed.