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南海是我国重要的安全屏障,在国家海洋发展战略和能源安全体系中占据着无可替代的显要地位,南海渔业是落实国家“突出存在”等战略部署的首要产业和有效途径。现今的南海渔业发展具有捕捞作业集中且发展平稳、捕捞作业类型多样、捕捞作业发展空间存在差异等特点。由于特殊的地理环境,南海渔业的发展明显受到周边环境的影响和制约,与渔业相关的涉外事件和矛盾冲突的高发态势印证了海洋执法效能的高低直接关乎渔业生产能否正常平稳发展。基于海洋执法机构整合的背景,分析表明南海渔业发展面临的资源开发阻力加大、大洋性鱼类资源开发不足、非法捕捞、渔业协调平台缺乏、执法格局存在弊端、相关法律不完善等问题。并针对上述问题,重点提出加大执法力度与加强双边合作,增强南海深海区渔场开发力度,实施渔船动态监测与规范渔业生产行为,建立南海渔业安全机制,整合执法力量、完善救助机制,完善海洋和渔业立法等措施,以促进南海渔业有序发展。
Nanhai is an important safety barrier in China and occupies an irreplaceable predominance in the national marine development strategy and energy security system. The South China Sea fishery is the primary industry and an effective way to implement the strategic deployment such as the “outstanding presence” of the country. Today’s fisheries development in the South China Sea has the characteristics of concentrated fishing operations and steady development, diversified fishing operations and differences in the space for fishing operations. Owing to the special geographical environment, the development of the South China Sea fishery is obviously affected and restricted by the surrounding environment. The high incidence of foreign affairs and contradictions related to fishery confirms that the effectiveness of marine law enforcement directly relates to the normal and stable development of fishery production. Based on the background of the integration of law enforcement agencies in the sea, the analysis shows that the development of fisheries in the South China Sea is facing more obstacles in resource development, lack of development of oceanic fish resources, illegal fishing, lack of platforms for fishery coordination, deficiencies in law enforcement structures and imperfect laws. In view of the above problems, the paper puts forward the following suggestions: intensifying law enforcement and strengthening bilateral cooperation; enhancing fishery development in deep-sea areas of the South China Sea; implementing dynamic monitoring of fishery vessels and regulating fishery production; setting up fishery safety mechanisms in the South China Sea; integrating law enforcement; improving relief mechanisms; And fisheries legislation and other measures to promote the orderly development of fisheries in the South China Sea.