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京剧里有歌有舞,故需音乐伴奏,乐队由文武场组成。一般地说,文场伴歌,武场伴舞。但二者不是截然分工,而是互相联系、互相配合、相辅相成的。文场,包括京胡、京二胡、月琴(以上俗称三大件)、小三弦、秦琴、阮、笛子、唢呐等。这些乐器除了伴唱之外,还要根据剧情需要演奏相应的曲牌,如“小开门”、“夜深沉”等。京剧伴唱的主要乐器是胡琴,但早期却用过笛子。原来,在清朝乾隆年间,皮黄戏进京时系用胡琴伴奏,它与南昆、北弋、东柳、西梆同样在皇宫中应差演出,当时简称为“二黄”。到了嘉庆年间,因太上皇(乾隆)在世,嘉庆皇帝感到“二黄”与“二皇”谐音,下诏将“二黄”改称“徽调”;又因胡琴有两根弦——老弦和子弦,这又与老贤、子贤谐音,无论哪根弦断都不吉利,故决定废去胡琴,改用笛子伴奏,遂不准二黄班再到皇宫内演出。当时的皮黄艺人只能在宫外演唱名目“排演”,意思是排好之后再到
Peking Opera there are songs and dances, it requires music accompaniment, the band composed of Wenwu field. In general, the text field with the song, martial dance. But the two are not division of labor, but interrelated, complement each other and complement each other. Text field, including Jinghu, Beijing Erhu, Yue Qin (more commonly known as the three pieces), Xiao Sanxian, Qin Qin, Nguyen, flute, suona and so on. In addition to accompaniment of these musical instruments, but also according to the story needs to play the corresponding song, such as “small open the door”, “dark night” and so on. Peking opera main accompaniment is the instrument, but early flute. It turned out that in the Qing Dynasty Qianlong years, the Peihuang opera in Beijing with the violin accompaniment, it and Nankun, North Yi, Dongliu, Xidan also poor performance in the palace, was referred to as “two yellow.” By the time of Jiaqing, Emperor Taiqing (Emperor Qianlong) was alive. Jiaqing Emperor felt the homophonic “Erhuang” and “Erhuang”, and Xiazhao renamed “Erhuang” as “Hui Tune.” Because Huqin had two strings - the old string and son Chord, which in turn with the old Yin, son Yin homonym, no matter which string is not auspicious, it decided to abolish the hifi, switch to the flute accompaniment, and then not allowed two yellow classes to the palace performance. At that time, the artist of the skin yellow can only perform the repertoire in the extrauterine, which means that after the arrangement is completed,