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按联合国科教文组织的分类,整个科研工作划分为基础研究、应用研究和发展研究。在科学史上,早期只有科学研究,用达尔文的话来说:“科学就是整理事实,以便从中得到普遍的规律和结论”。而当今,至少有相当大的一部分突破性的新技术,并不是直接从积累实践经验中形成,而是在新的科学理论指导下,对各个专业领域技术上的特殊规律进行探讨、开发而得到的。因而联合国科教文组织的分类是体现了现代科学研究活动的规律。
According to the classification of UNESCO, the entire research work is divided into basic research, applied research and development research. In the history of science, there was only scientific research in the early days. In Darwin's words, “Science is to sort out the facts in order to get the general laws and conclusions.” Today, at least a considerable part of the breakthrough new technologies are not formed directly from the accumulation of practical experience, but under the guidance of the new scientific theory, the technical special laws in various fields of expertise are explored and developed of. Therefore, the classification of UNESCO embodies the law of modern scientific research activities.