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企业产权转让的萌芽 深圳的企业产权转让大致经历了三个发展阶段。第一个阶段从1980年到1989年,这是企业产权转让开始萌芽和自发发展的阶段。深圳经济特区从一建立就是多种经济成分和经济形式并存,共同发展。深圳的企业一直是三分天下:国有企业、外商投资企业、内联企业大致各占1/3。外商投资企业和内联企业基本上都是按照有限责任公司形式组建的,这就形成了企业产权转让的土壤。有限责任公司的股东为了寻求新的合作伙伴,或者为了换一个领域发展,就要将自己的股权转让出去,或者去收购别人的股权。这种股权转让是企业产权转让的一种形式——部分企业产权的转让。这一阶段的企业产权转让,绝大部分是企业内部股东之间的股权转让,也有少数企业之间的股权转让。这种股权转让都是自发的。就是这种原始、自发的股权转让,使得生产要素经常流动、重组,促进了这些企业的发展,也促进了整个深圳经济的发展。 但是,和内地的情况一样,深圳的国有企业的产权还是处于凝固状态。这就产生了几个矛盾:一方面一些好的企业需要发展扩张,却苦于没有资金、场地、设备,另一方面一些没有发展前途的企业的场地、设备等生产要素却大量闲置;一方面一些商品供不应求,另一方面一些商品却大量积压,占用资
The germination of the transfer of property rights in enterprises The transfer of property rights in enterprises in Shenzhen has generally gone through three stages of development. The first stage from 1980 to 1989 was the stage where the transfer of property rights of enterprises began to sprout and develop spontaneously. Since the establishment of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, a variety of economic components and economic forms have coexisted and developed together. The enterprises in Shenzhen have always been three-fold: state-owned enterprises, foreign-invested companies, and in-line companies account for roughly one-third of the total. Foreign-invested companies and in-line companies are basically organized in the form of limited liability companies, which forms the soil for the transfer of property rights. In order to seek a new partner or to change a field, shareholders of a limited liability company must transfer their own equity or acquire the equity of others. This kind of equity transfer is a form of transfer of property rights of enterprises - transfer of part of the company’s property rights. At this stage, most of the transfer of corporate property rights is the transfer of equity among the internal shareholders of the company, and also the transfer of shares among a few enterprises. This kind of equity transfer is spontaneous. It is this primitive and spontaneous transfer of stock rights that makes the factors of production flow and reorganize, promote the development of these enterprises, and promote the development of the entire Shenzhen economy. However, as in the case of the Mainland, the property rights of the state-owned enterprises in Shenzhen are still solidified. This creates several contradictions: On the one hand, some good companies need development and expansion, but they suffer from lack of funds, space, and equipment. On the other hand, some production factors, such as sites and equipment, of enterprises that have no prospects for development are idle; The supply of commodities is in short supply. On the other hand, some commodities are overstocked and occupy a large amount of capital.