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沥青材料一般分为两大类别:一种是沥青,一种是柏油。沥青是一种固体或半固体的黑色材料,其中有石油沥青、页岩沥青和天然沥青等。而柏油则系干馏固体燃料时所形成的稠而带黑褐色的油性液体。它们是在对煤、褐炭、页岩、泥炭,以及其他木料加工时所获得的副产品。沥青和柏油的区别,主要在于它们的化学成分。沥青里主要含有饱和的炭氢化合物,而柏油里则多半为含有大量芳香族的未饱和炭氢化合物。由于它们的产源不同,化学成分不同,人们在公路工程中都是单独使用沥青或者柏油,而很少加以混合使用,甚至有些人认为根本不宜混合使用。事实上,这两种沥青材料,不仅可以混合使用,而且混合使用的优点很多。
Asphalt materials are generally divided into two categories: one is asphalt, one is asphalt. Asphalt is a solid or semi-solid black material, including petroleum bitumen, shale bitumen and natural asphalt. While the tar is a thick, dark brown, oily liquid that forms when the tar is pyrolized in solid fuels. They are by-products of coal, brown coal, shale, peat, and other wood processed. The difference between asphalt and asphalt, mainly lies in their chemical composition. Bitumen contains mainly saturated hydrocarbons, while the asphalt is mostly containing a large number of aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbons. Because of their different origins and chemical compositions, people use asphalt or asphalt alone in road engineering, and seldom mix them. Some even think it is not appropriate to mix them at all. In fact, these two kinds of asphalt materials, not only can be mixed, but also has many advantages.