成都市饮用水水质监测状况及健康风险初评

• 作 者: 李元锋 杜慧兰 陈俊 林寰 马晓军 冯波 高绪芳 刘斌 严晓蓉 尹涛 宋华 黄葵 黄敏 刘嘉益 傅小鲁
• 机 构: 成都市疾病预防控制中心,崇州市疾病预防控制中心,青白江区疾病预防控制中心,成都市爱国卫生运动委员会办公室,
• 出 处: 现代预防医学
• 发表日期: 2011年15期
• 关键词: 饮用水 水质监测 健康风险 评价

[目的]了解近两年成都市饮用水的水质卫生状况及其可致的健康风险水平。[方法]根据供水方式的不同对2008~2009年成都市饮用水及源水进行分层随机抽样,检测砷、耗氧量、总大肠菌群等11项指标,并采用美国EPA推荐的模型对饮用水中主要有害化学物质进行健康风险初步评价。[结果]共检测水样190份(源水25份,饮用水165份),合格率为72.6%,其中饮用水合格率为69.1%,源水合格率为96.0%;饮用水的主要污染物为大肠菌群和锰,其合格率分别为72.7%和92.7%;饮用水合格率农村分散式供水(19.2%)﹤乡镇集中式供水(72.5%)﹤城市集中式供水(98.4%),差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01),不合格的饮用水多位于山区且多采用地下水为源水;饮用水中砷、六价铬等8种有害物质累计致癌风险的P50和P95分别为128.3×10-6和299.1×10-6,均低于国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的通过饮水途径最大可接受风险水平(5×10-5/年,以70年计为3.5×10-3),主要致癌风险因子为砷、六价铬和铅;累计非致癌风险的P50和P95分别为0.3904和1.0016,主要非致癌风险因子为砷、镉和铅。[结论]本研究初步阐明了成都地区饮用水的卫生状况、水质健康风险水平和污染物的主次,对该地区饮用水水质改善和健康风险管理提供了帮助。 [Objective] To understand the sanitary status of drinking water in Chengdu in the recent two years and its possible health risk level. [Method] Based on different water supply methods, drinking water and source water of Chengdu were randomly stratified by sampling from 2008 to 2009 to detect 11 indicators such as arsenic, oxygen consumption and total coliform bacteria. The model recommended by the U.S. EPA The main hazardous chemicals in drinking water are initially evaluated for health risks. [Result] A total of 190 water samples (25 water samples and 165 drinking water samples) were tested with a passing rate of 72.6%, of which 69.1% were eligible for drinking water and 96.0% were qualified for drinking water. The main pollutants in drinking water For coliform bacteria and manganese, the pass rates were 72.7% and 92.7% respectively; drinking water pass rate rural decentralized water supply (19.2%)