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目的分析2014年青海省三级医院肿瘤患者细菌分布及其耐药性。方法从6家三级医院收集菌株,采用最小抑菌浓度法(MIC)和纸片扩散法(K-B)进行药物敏感测试。结果共分析菌株12 771株,其中革兰阳性菌3556株(占27.84%)、革兰阴性菌9215株(占72.16%)。菌株数排前5位的是eco、kpn、sau、sep和aba。MRSA、MSSA、MRCNS和MSCNS普遍存在耐药性,MRCNS中有1菌株对利奈唑胺耐药;粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌对万古霉素、替考拉宁、利奈唑胺的耐药率分别为1.9%、0.9%、3.4%和1.2%、1.9%和2.5%。肺链对青霉素的耐药率为16.28%。铜绿假单胞菌对米诺环素、氨苄西林/舒巴坦、美诺培南、氨曲南和亚胺培南的耐药率分别为100%、94.1%、50.0%、19.3%和15.1%。肠杆菌科中以大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌为主要菌种,肠杆菌科菌株普遍存在耐药性,对碳青霉烯的耐药率最高为21.4%。结论细菌耐药性普遍存在且部分菌株呈现多重耐药,需根据监测结果加强抗生素规范使用与管理。
Objective To analyze the bacterial distribution and drug resistance of cancer patients in 2014 in Qinghai Province. Methods The strains were collected from 6 tertiary hospitals and drug susceptibility testing was conducted by MIC method and K-B method. Results A total of 12 771 strains were isolated, of which 3556 were Gram-positive bacteria (27.84%) and 9215 were Gram-negative bacteria (72.16%). The top five strains are eco, kpn, sau, sep and aba. MRSA, MSSA, MRCNS and MSCNS prevalence of drug resistance, MRCNS strains in a line resistant to linezolid; Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid resistance rates 1.9%, 0.9%, 3.4% and 1.2%, 1.9% and 2.5% respectively. The resistance rate of penicillin to lung chain was 16.28%. The resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to minocycline, ampicillin / sulbactam, meropenem, aztreonam and imipenem were 100%, 94.1%, 50.0%, 19.3% and 15.1 %. Enterobacteriaceae Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae as the main strains, Enterobacteriaceae strains prevalence of resistance, the highest rate of carbapenem 21.4%. Conclusions Bacterial drug resistance is common and some strains are multi-drug resistant. It is necessary to strengthen the standard use and management of antibiotics according to the monitoring results.