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目的掌握孝感市围产儿出生缺陷的流行病学特征,分析主要出生缺陷的高危因素,制定有效的预防措施,提高出生人口的素质。方法采用《出生缺陷儿登记卡》收集孝感市所有助产技术单位2007～2011年围产儿出生缺陷的监测资料,并对其进行回顾性分析。结果 5年出生缺陷总发生率为4.26‰,各年出生缺陷发生率无统计学差异(P﹥0.05);常见出生缺陷中前5位分别是多指多趾(0.61‰),外耳畸形(0.47‰),唇裂伴腭裂(0.45‰),唇裂(0.39‰),先天性心脏病(0.32‰);产前诊断率为21.08%,其中B超诊断率为14.46%;孕产妇年龄大于35岁或小于20岁围产儿出生缺陷发生率明显增高,男婴出生缺陷发生率高于女婴,农村出生缺陷发生率高于城镇,此外孕母文化程度越高,家庭收入越高,围产儿出生缺陷发生率越低。结论孝感市近5年围产儿出生缺陷以体表畸形为主,母亲的年龄、文化程度、经济水平、居住地等是围产儿出生缺陷的高危因素,农村为出生缺陷预防的重点。加强婚前与孕期保健的宣教,提高产前诊断技术适时终止妊娠,可有效降低出生缺陷发生率。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of birth defects in perinatal children in Xiaogan, to analyze the risk factors of major birth defects and to develop effective preventive measures to improve the quality of the birth population. Methods “Birth Defective Children Registration Card” was used to collect monitoring data of birth defects of all midwifery units in Xiaogan from 2007 to 2011 and retrospectively analyzed. Results The total incidence of 5-year birth defects was 4.26 ‰, and the incidence of birth defects in each year was not statistically different (P> 0.05). The top 5 common birth defects were multiple finger toe (0.61 ‰), external ear deformity (0.45 ‰), cleft lip (0.39 ‰) and congenital heart disease (0.32 ‰). The prenatal diagnosis rate was 21.08%, of which B was 14.46%. The maternal age was more than 35 years old or The incidence of birth defects in infants less than 20 years old was significantly higher, the incidence of birth defects in male infants was higher than that in girls, and the incidence of birth defects in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas. In addition, the higher the educational level of pregnant women, the higher the family income and the birth defects The lower the rate. Conclusion The birth defects in the past five years in Xiaogan City are mainly related to body surface deformity. The age, education level, economic level and place of residence of mothers are the risk factors of birth defects. The rural areas are the focus of prevention of birth defects. Strengthen the prenuptial and prenatal care education, improve prenatal diagnostic techniques timely termination of pregnancy, can effectively reduce the incidence of birth defects.