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妊娠期间的肾脏疾病是围产期死亡的重要课题之一。孕期肾炎是孕妇死亡的最大原因之一,对妊娠前后肾炎的防治问题已有很多报导。孕期的肾脏感染对孕妇和胎儿的危害程度仅次于肾炎。本文就孕期肾盂肾炎问题作扼要的综述,以供参考。一、孕期泌尿系的生理变化 (一)形态学变化:妊娠后,由于内分泌和子宫增大的原因,泌尿系统发生一系列变化,最常见的是泌尿道扩张。又以输尿管扩张最明显,常于妊娠三个月即开始,经产妇较初产妇多见,右侧多于左侧。较明确的发生原因是机械因素,即增大的子宫压迫输尿管。又由于妊娠后子宫和卵巢血流增加,引起卵巢静脉怒张压迫输尿管,常于分娩后持续很长时间。Hendrick等发现在孕妇中30%有尿自膀胱向输尿管返流(VUR)
Kidney disease during pregnancy is one of the important topics of perinatal death. Nephritis during pregnancy is one of the biggest causes of death in pregnant women, the prevention and treatment of nephritis before and after pregnancy has been a lot of reports. Kidney infection during pregnancy and fetal harm to the extent of second only to nephritis. This article on the issue of pregnancy pyelonephritis for a brief summary, for reference. First, the physiological changes during pregnancy (a) morphological changes: pregnancy, due to endocrine and uterine enlargement of the urinary system occurs a series of changes, the most common is the expansion of the urinary tract. Again the most obvious dilation of the ureter, often in the three months of pregnancy that began, the more common mothers than the first, right than the left. The clearest occurrence is due to mechanical factors, ie increased uterine compression of the ureter. And because of increased uterine and ovarian blood flow after pregnancy, ovarian vein caused by compression of ureteral pressure, often lasting a long time after childbirth. Hendrick found that 30% of urine in pregnant women from the bladder to the ureter reflux (VUR)