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目的分析来贵州省第三人民医院职业健康检查的接尘工人的分布规律及疑似尘肺病检出情况。方法收集2013—2016年在该院接受职业健康检查的接尘人员资料,对其行业、地区、性别、接尘工龄、疑似尘肺病检出等情况进行分析。结果收集到17 071名接尘工人资料,来自贵州省9个地州,分布数量较多的地区是六盘水(7 806人)、毕节(2 641人)、贵阳(2 531人)、遵义(1 796人),共计14 774人,占总人数的86.6%;检出疑似尘肺病1 279名,检出率为7.5%;按行业分,煤矿行业疑似尘肺病检出率(16.6%)高于非煤矿行业(3.7%),差异有统计学意义(X~2=854.925,P=0.000),煤矿行业疑似尘肺病检出工龄为(13.4±8.1)a,长于非煤矿行业(9.6±7.1)a,差异有统计学意义(t=8.659,P=0.000);疑似尘肺病检出率以铜仁最高(103人,28.2%),六盘水最低(124人,1.6%)。结论贵州省接尘工人分布广泛,疑似尘肺病检出率高,应根据接尘工人疑似尘肺病患者的分布特点,加强重点地区、重点行业的尘肺病防治工作。
Objective To analyze the distribution pattern of dust-exposed workers in Occupational Health Checkup of Third People’s Hospital of Guizhou Province and the detection of suspected pneumoconiosis. Methods The data of workers exposed to occupational health in the hospital from 2013 to 2016 were collected to analyze their industries, regions, sex, the length of service taking dust and the detection of suspected pneumoconiosis. Results A total of 17 071 dust collecting workers were collected from 9 prefectures and prefectures of Guizhou Province. Among the more distributed areas, there were 17806 people in Liupanshui, 2 641 in Bijie, 2 531 in Guiyang, 796), a total of 14 774 persons, accounting for 86.6% of the total; 1 279 pneumoconiosis patients were detected, the detection rate was 7.5%; by industry, the detection rate of suspected pneumoconiosis (16.6%) in the coal mining industry was higher than Non-coal industry (3.7%), the difference was statistically significant (X ~ 2 = 854.925, P = 0.000); the length of suspected pneumoconiosis in the coal mining industry was (13.4 ± 8.1) The difference was statistically significant (t = 8.659, P = 0.000). The detection rate of suspected pneumoconiosis was highest in Tongren (103 persons, 28.2%) and lowest in Liupanshui (124, 1.6%). Conclusion The dust-exposed workers in Guizhou Province are widely distributed and the detection rate of suspected pneumoconiosis is high. According to the distribution characteristics of suspected pneumoconiosis patients, the pneumoconiosis prevention and control work in key areas and key industries should be strengthened.