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纪录片是以真实生活为创作素材,以真人真事为表现对象,并对其进行艺术加工与展现的电影或电视艺术形式。据考证,中国纪录电影的拍摄始于19世纪末和20世纪初,中国的第一部纪录片是1905年的《定军山》。随着我国人民生活水平的提高,电视逐渐走进千家万户,自此纪录片与电视媒体结下了不解之缘。上个世纪90年代纪录片以“栏目”形式在电视台播出逐渐成为纪录片的主要生存模式。许多从业人员认为:中国纪录片经过多年的摔打、考验、探索和发展,纪录片走栏目化道路已经成为生存和发展的主要途径。与国外纪录片先进的栏目化相比,中国纪录片市场化仍处于发展的初级阶段。这是由于许多纪录片长期在体制内运作,缺乏真正的栏目化意识。本文从我国当代纪录片发展现状、纪录片栏目化的发展现状和思考、以及纪录片栏目化与观众的关系角度入手,对纪录片栏目化做一些探索与思考,希望对我国纪录片未来的发展做一点微薄贡献。
Documentary is a film or television art form that uses real life as a creative material, real objects as objects, and artistic processing and presentation. According to research, the filming of Chinese recorded movies began in the late 19th and early 20th century. The first documentary of China was the “Dingjun Mountain” in 1905. As the standard of living of our people has improved, television has gradually entered the home of tens of thousands of households. Since then, documentaries and television media have become inextricably bound. 90s of last century documentaries in the form of “section ” on television broadcast has gradually become the main survival mode of documentaries. Many practitioners believe that after many years of beating, testing, exploring and developing documentary films in China, the documentary film has become the main way of survival and development. Compared with the advanced columns of foreign documentaries, the marketization of Chinese documentaries is still in the initial stage of development. This is due to the fact that many documentaries have long been operating within the system and lack a real sense of collation. This paper starts from the current situation of documentary development in our country, the current situation and thinking of documentary program, and the relationship between documentary program and audience, and makes some exploration and reflection on documentary program. I hope to make a slight contribution to the future development of documentary in our country.