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一、铬引起职业病的历史早在十九世纪就有铬作业工皮肤粘膜损害和鼻中隔穿孔的记载。本世纪初已了解铬酸盐能引起过敏性皮炎,并出现误服急性中毒病例。早在1890年Newman曾报告一例铬作业工鼻癌,但是真正怀疑铬与肺癌可能有关则是始于本世纪三十年代。德国工厂医师Pfeil于1911年和1912年在一铬酸盐制造厂(有工人200～300名)相继诊断出2例当时很罕见的肺癌,因此他怀疑在该厂中可能存在某种致癌因子,但是他的想法被鉴定该病例的Lehmann教授完全否定。后来Pfeil对该厂工人进行了追踪观察,又进一步发现5例肺癌死亡病例,于是在1935年确信地报告了铬酸盐制造厂肺癌多发的事实。其后Teleky、Baader、Al-
First, the history of chromium caused by occupational diseases As early as the 19th century, chromium workers have skin and mucous membrane damage and nasal septum perforation records. The beginning of this century has been aware of chromate can cause atopic dermatitis, and the incidence of acute poisoning cases. As early as 1890, Newman reported a case of chromium-based nasal cancer, but the real suspicion of chromium may be related to lung cancer began in the 1930s. German factory physician Pfeil diagnosed two very rare lung cancers at a chromate factory (with 200 to 300 workers) in 1911 and 1912, so he suspected there might be some carcinogenic factor in the plant, But his idea was completely rejected by Professor Lehmann who identified the case. Later, Pfeil traced the factory workers and further found five deaths from lung cancer. In 1935, however, he assuredly reported the fact that there was a high incidence of lung cancer in the chromate factory. Subsequently Teleky, Baader, Al-