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一、湘先淮后的肯綮所在 湘淮两系军政势力并非孪生兄弟。湘系崛起在前,先声夺人;淮系形成在后,迟延数载。 社会背景条件给予湘淮双方的竞争机会,基本上是均等的。鸦片战争的外敌入侵事变之后未及十年,便爆发了太平天国农民起义。在外患内忧交迫下,清朝统治者推行“外示羁縻,内加防范”的基本国策,把镇压人民革命作为首要任务。然而,作为当时国家“经制军”的八旗和绿营已经腐败不堪,以致统治阶级中有人发出这样的惊呼:“官军数万,已成废器,即令千人为营,而十贼可破!”清廷不得不动员和组织非常规的地方性武装力量以求弥补,布置各省兴办团练,并委派具有相当资格的官员在籍或回籍专职负责。其中湖南和安徽皆为受命较早的省份,并且这二省又都直接面临着太平军的威胁。
First, the Hunan-Huaihua military lieutenants in Hunan after the Xianghuai Huai was not a twin brother. Hunan rise in the forefront, pioneer; Huaihe formation in the postponed several years. Social background conditions give the competition opportunities between the two sides, basically equal. Less than a decade after the invasion by the Opium War, the peasant uprising in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom broke out. Under foreign forces’ worries, the Qing rulers pursued the basic national policy of “showing restraints outside and inside guarding against injustice”, and took the suppression of the people’s revolution as their top priority. However, as the banner and green camp of the “system-controlled army” of the country were already corrupt, some people in the ruling class made the following remark: “The number of officials is tens of thousands. ”The Qing imperial court had to mobilize and organize unconventional local armed forces to make up for it and set up various provinces to set up militia groups and assigned well-qualified officials to be either full-time or permanent at their posts. Among them, Hunan and Anhui are the provinces that have been appointed earlier, and both of these provinces are directly facing the threat of the Taiping Army.