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目的:分析反射式共聚焦显微镜(RCM)下女阴硬化性苔藓的图像特征及应用价值。方法:对2018年1月至2019年6月新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院就诊的34例临床初步拟诊为女阴硬化性苔藓的患者进行RCM检查，记录各项指标扫描结果，然后于同一部位行组织病理学检查，对照组织病理学表现分析其RCM图像特征，计算这些图像特征和组织病理学的一致率，分析诊断指标的灵敏度和特异度。结果:确诊为女阴硬化性苔藓的28例患者的RCM图像特征为：皮损部位棘层扫描厚度较周围正常皮肤变薄(表皮萎缩)21例(75%)；基底层高反光减弱(黑素颗粒减少)21例(75%)；真表皮交界处基底细胞环缺失，界限模糊，真皮浅层单一核细胞及散在高反光类圆形大细胞浸润(基底细胞液化变性)16例(57.14%)；真皮浅层折光度增加(胶原均质化)28例(100%)；和组织病理学检查的一致率分别为89.29%、92.86%、85.71%及100%，其中真皮浅层折光度增加的灵敏度和特异度均最高，达到96.53%和62.35%。同时存在表皮萎缩和真皮浅层折光度增加两种指标时的特异度最高为92.82%。结论:女阴硬化性苔藓的RCM图像特征明确，和组织病理学检查具有高度的一致性，诊断的灵敏度与特异度均较高，结合临床表现可以为女阴硬化性苔藓的诊断、治疗疗效判断提供有效的帮助。“,”Objective:To analyze the clinical features and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) characteristics of vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS).Methods:RCM examination was carried out in 34 patients who were preliminarily diagnosed as VLS in People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2018 to June 2019, the results of the various indicators were recorded, and then a histopathological examination was performed at the same site.The RCM image characteristics were analyzed against histopathological manifestations, after that the results were compared and calculated the consistency rate of these image features.Results:The RCM image features of 28 patients with VLS were as follows: the thickness of spinous layer of lesion was thinner than that of surrounding normal skin (epidermis atrophy) in 21 cases (75%); hyper reflectance in basal layer was decreased in 21 cases (75%); In 16 (57.14%)cases, the basal cell ring was absent at the junction of the epidermis, the boundary was blurred, and the infiltration of mononuclear cells and scattered round like large cells in the superficial dermis (liquefaction and degeneration of basal cells); 28 cases (100%) had increased refractive index of superficial dermis (collagen homogenization). The coincidence rates with histopathological examination were 89.29%, 92.86%, 85.71% and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the increase of refractive index in the superficial dermis were the highest, reaching 96.53% and 62.35%. The highest specificity was 92.82% in the presence of epidermal atrophy and the increase of refractive index of superficial dermis.Conclusions:The RCM images of VLS were highly consistent with the histopathological examination.It also has high sensitivity and specificity.Combined with clinical manifestations, it can provide effective help for the diagnosis of vulvar lichen sclerosus and the judgment of therapeutic efficacy.