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任何科学研究都要解决一个科学研究的方法问题。在医学科学研究中普遍存在的一个问题是:在临床上遇到的不管什么病例,也不管多少例病例,都只是该病种患者中的一个样本,研究工作者根本不可能、当然也根本不必要去研究过去、现在、未来全世界一切有关该病种的患者(总体)。同样,在流行病学调查或在实验室研究中一般也都只是研究一个样本或几个样本,然而研究工作者研究的目的是要通过样本来说明总体,也就是要
Any scientific research must solve a methodological problem of scientific research. A common problem in medical science research is that no matter what the case is in clinical practice, no matter how many cases, it is only one sample of patients of this disease type. It is impossible for researchers to study, and certainly not at all. It is necessary to study the past, present and future of all patients (overall) in the world related to the disease. Similarly, in an epidemiological survey or in a laboratory study, generally only one sample or several samples are studied. However, the purpose of the researcher’s research is to explain the population through samples, that is,