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目的探讨经输血传播人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)的残余危险度,通过对现有筛查模式进行评价与分析,为提高输血安全提供科学依据。方法使用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)和免疫印迹法(WB),对安阳地区2008-2014年的无偿献血者血液标本进行抗-HIV初筛与确认试验,使用数学模型法计算输血传播HIV的残余危险度。结果首次献血者HIV流行率为0.013 8(18/130 138),重复献血者HIV新发感染率为0.004 1(10/243 929);本地区无偿献血人群人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体阴性的血液传播HIV的残余危险度为1∶147 423;重复献血者传播HIV的残余危险度为1∶440 276。结论经输血传播HIV的危险性较低,但残余风险仍然存在。因此,应当进一步提高HIV检测技术和方法,缩短窗口期,进而提高血液筛查水平。建立固定、健康、低危的无偿献血者队伍,从血液源头降低输血风险。
Objective To investigate the residual risk of transfusion of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and to provide a scientific basis for improving blood transfusion safety by evaluating and analyzing existing screening patterns. Methods The blood samples of unpaid blood donors from 2008 to 2014 in Anyang area were tested for anti-HIV screening and confirmation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blotting (WB), and the mathematical model was used to calculate the blood transfusion-transmitted HIV Residual risk. Results The HIV prevalence rate of the first blood donors was 0.013 8 (18/130 138), and the rate of new HIV infection among repeat donors was 0.004 1 (10/243 929). The blood donation of HIV With a residual risk of 1:147 423; the residual risk of repeated HIV transmission of HIV was 1: 440 276. Conclusion The risk of transmitting HIV by transfusion is low, but the residual risk still exists. Therefore, HIV testing techniques and methods should be further improved to shorten the window period and further improve blood screening. Establish a fixed, healthy and low-risk unpaid blood donor team to reduce the risk of blood transfusion from the blood source.