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本文借助于PAS反应法,观察了小麦生长锥分化及结实器官形成过程中淀粉的积累及动态,主要结果如下:1.生长锥伸长以前,淀粉粒主要在分叶节细胞内进行积累;在生长锥内,仅只原体中央区的少数细胞内含有少量的淀粉粒。2.随着生长锥的分化及幼穗的发育,幼穗内积累的淀粉物质愈来愈多,从单稜期开始,在幼穗的上部、中部与下部细胞内的淀粉含量即表现出不均一性,中部多,上部与下部较少,随着幼穗的发育,这种不均一性愈益加剧。这种情况与小穗的发育成正相关。3.小穗内,不同部位花之中的淀粉含量也存在着不一致性,基部花多,上部较少,花的发育与这种情况亦成正相关。4.在结实器官形成过程中,淀粉物质的大量积累总是向着迅速生长与发育的新器官方面转移,而且,积累淀粉粒的细胞区域总是紧紧地跟在分生组织细胞的后面。5.淀粉物质贫乏的基部小穗或小穗上部的花,在不良条件下常常中途停止发育而退化。本文实验指出,若在此前改善植株的生长条件(如进行灌溉),则这些小穗与花内的淀粉含量会显著地增加,从而能获得进一步的发育,减少退化,提高结实率。作者根据上述资料认为,小麦小穗与花的发育良好与否,是否退化,首要的内部因素是它们能否获得足够量的碳水化合物。
In this paper, the accumulation and dynamics of starch in the process of growth cone differentiation and the formation of solid organs were observed by PAS reaction. The main results are as follows: 1. Before the elongation of the growth cone, starch grains were mainly accumulated in the leaf ganglion cells; Growing cone, only a small number of cells in the central part of the original body contains a small amount of starch granules. With the growth of cone differentiation and young panicle development, accumulation of young ears more and more starch material, from the single-ridge stage, young panicles in the upper, middle and lower cells in the starch content that does not appear Homogeneity, central and more, less upper and lower, with the development of panicle, this heterogeneity more and more aggravated. This situation is positively related to the development of spikelets. There was also inconsistency in the content of starch in different parts of spikelets, with more flowers at the base and less upper part. The development of flowers also had a positive correlation with this situation. 4. In the process of the formation of solid organs, the accumulation of starch substances always shifts to the new organs that grow and develop rapidly. And the cell area that accumulates starch granules always closely follows the meristematic cells. 5. Starch poorly basally spikelet or spikelet upper flowers, often in poor conditions stop developing and degenerate. Our experiments show that if the plant growth conditions (eg irrigation) were previously improved, then the starch content in these spikelets and flowers will increase significantly, leading to further development, reduced degradation, and increased seed setting. According to the above information, the author believes that whether spikelets and flowers grow well or not and degenerate, the primary internal factor is whether they can get enough carbohydrates.