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本文重点关注印度、孟加拉和斯里兰卡对中国“21世纪海上丝绸之路”倡议(MSR,简称“海丝路”)做出的回应。对于从古至今与中国有着密切往来的南亚地区而言,这一倡议已产生重大的影响。尽管将“海丝路”视为海上往来沟通的桥梁已经是一个普遍的共识,但南亚国家在落实具体决策时仍旧面临外交和政策困境。虽然经济的相互依存、基础建设发展的需求以及国家经济向海洋定位的方向为中国与南亚国家创造了大量合作互补的可能性,但小国所要承担的地缘和外交压力以及国内政治共识的缺乏,使它们很难对中国的倡议做出有效的回应。尤其是孟加拉和斯里兰卡一直在努力寻求以一种务实平衡的方式加入丝绸之路倡议。与此相比,印度仍然对中国“海丝路”倡议的长远动机存疑,并采取模糊立场。尽管认识到“海丝路”倡议有符合印度重要经济利益的潜力,但印度对中国崛起的地缘政治担忧以及对中国在印度洋日益增强的影响力的不安,使“海丝路”在印度的发展充满坎坷。
This article focuses on the responses of India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka to China’s “21st Century Maritime Silk Road Initiative” (MSR). This initiative has had a significant impact on South Asia, which has had close contacts with China since ancient times. Although it is already a common consensus to regard “Silk Road ” as the bridge of communication on the sea, the South Asian countries still face diplomatic and policy dilemmas in the implementation of concrete decisions. Although economic interdependence, the demand for infrastructure development, and the orientation of the national economy to the oceans and seas create a great deal of potential for cooperation and complementarity between China and South Asian countries, the geopolitical and diplomatic pressure on small countries and the lack of domestic political consensus make They find it hard to respond effectively to China’s initiative. In particular, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka have been striving to find ways to join the Silk Road Initiative in a pragmatic and balanced manner. In contrast, India still doubts the long-term motivation of China’s “Silk Road” initiative and takes a vague position. Despite recognizing that the “Silk Road” initiative has the potential to meet India’s important economic interests, India’s geopolitical concerns over the rise of China and its unease with China’s growing influence in the Indian Ocean have made “Sea Silk Road” The development in India is full of frustrations.