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目的:调查内蒙古自治区居民新型冠状病毒肺炎防治健康素养现状，分析其影响因素。方法:多阶段分层抽样法于2020年3月10—15日对该区12个盟市55 599名居民发放新冠肺炎健康素养问卷。内容涵盖防治相关的知识、态度、行为和心理维度。各个维度最高得分标准化为十分，调查内容正确回答率≥80%者视为健康素养合格。最终有效问卷51 722份（93.0%），按照医护人员与非医护人员比例对32 529份问卷进行分析。根据合格人群比例定义健康素养水平。Cronbach′s α系数和KMO检验评价问卷信度和效度。Pearson n χ2检验和logistic回归分析其影响因素。n 结果:内蒙古自治区居民新冠肺炎健康素养水平为85.7%，综合得分（26.30±2.48）分。健康素养水平与人均国民生产总值（GDP）正相关（n r=0.70，n P=0.012）。知识、态度、行为素养水平分别为61.6%、95.6%、96.8%。与15~25岁人群相比，46~65岁健康素养水平最高（n OR=2.00，95%n CI：1.78~2.24）。医务人员组健康素养水平（n OR=2.54，95%n CI：1.30~4.95）远高于非医务人员组。大专学历及以上组（n OR=10.22，95%n CI：9.19~11.36）明显高于大专以下组。心理焦虑程度与文化程度呈负相关。n 结论:内蒙古自治区居民新型冠状病毒肺炎健康素养呈现较高的整体水平，但知识素养水平有待提高。年龄、职业和文化程度是内蒙古居民新冠肺炎健康素养的主要影响因素。“,”Objective:To investigate the status of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) health literacy and associated factors in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Methods:Based on the multi-stage stratified sampling method, the questionnaire survey of health literacy of COVID-19 were carried out in 55 599 local residents from12 prefecture-level cities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region between March 10 and 15, 2020. The questionnaire in details included not only knowledge, attitude and behavior, but also mental health, their scores were calculated using Decimal method. A ≥80% of the correct answer rate of the survey content was regarded as qualified for health literacy. There were 51 722 (93.0%) valid questionnaires, according to the ratio of medical staff to non-medical staff, 32 529 questionnaires were selected for analysis. The health literacy level was defined according to the proportion of qualified people.The credibility and availability of the questionnaires were evaluated by Cronbach′s α coefficient and KMO test. The associated factors were analyzed by Pearson χn 2 test and logistic regression.n Results:In Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the whole level of health literacy of COVID-19 was 85.7%, and their scores were (26.30±2.48). Knowledge, attitude, and behavioral literacy levels were 61.6%, 95.6%, and 96.8%, respectively. Compared with the population of 15-25 years old, the health literacy level of 46-65 years old was the highest (n OR=2.00, 95%n CI: 1.78-2.24). The health literacy level of medical staff group (n OR=2.54, 95%n CI: 1.30-4.95) was far higher than the non-medical staff group; the population with college or above education level (n OR=10.22, 95%n CI: 9.19-11.36) was significantly higher than the population with education level below college. The degree of anxiety was negatively correlated with education level.n Conclusions:The health literacy level of COVID-19 in residents in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is relatively high, but the level of knowledge literacy needs to be improved. The main factors affecting the health literacy of COVID-19 among Inner Mongolia residents are age, occupation and education level.