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约翰·道尔顿,是位自学成才的化学家和物理学家。1766年9月6日生于英国坎布兰州的鹰田村,1844年7月27日卒于曼彻斯特。他建立的原子论是所有科学的理论基础,尤其对化学,原子论的诞生标志着化学开始成为一门真正的科学。 道尔顿出身贫寒,少时务农,并与其兄在肯塔尔办过学校。他学过牛顿的著作,对尔后他自己的思想发展有所启迪,在深入研究气体的物理性质之后,他提出了著名的原子理论。尽管他坚持原子不可分的观点,但他的原子论依然是化学理论的基础和无往不利的指南。 下面介绍他的两段经历。 从肯塔尔到曼彻斯特 1781年,15岁的约翰·道尔顿被肯塔尔镇的一所寄宿学校聘为助教。这所由教友会创建和资助的学校,离他的家乡鹰田村大约40莱里。在肯塔尔学校,他结识了一位名叫约翰·顾夫的盲人学者,从而对数学和气象学产生了浓厚兴趣,1785年,他开始担任这个教
John Dalton, a self-taught chemist and physicist. Born on June 6, 1766 in Hawk Field Village, Cambria, England, died July 27, 1844, in Manchester. The atomic theory he built was the theoretical foundation of all sciences. In particular, the birth of chemistry and atomism marked the beginning of chemistry becoming a real science. Dalton was born in poverty, farming for a short time, and had a school in Kent with his brother. He studied Newton’s writings, inspired his own thoughts and developments afterwards. After studying the physical properties of gases, he proposed the famous theory of atoms. Despite his insistence on the indivisible view of the atom, his atomic theory remains the basis and an indisciplined guideline of chemical theory. Here are two of his experiences. From Kent to Manchester In 1781, John Dalton, 15, was hired as a teaching assistant at a boarding school in the town of Kent. The school, founded and financed by the Church of Friends, is about 40 miles from his hometown, Hawthorn Estate. At Kent School, he became acquainted with a blind scholar named John Gough, who became interested in mathematics and meteorology. In 1785, he began to teach