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专利权是天然的垄断性权利,因而极易被滥用,对促进市场竞争和阻碍科学发展具有双刃剑的作用,其制度核心在于价值界定的科学与合理。从专利权的垄断利益与公共利益相互平衡的视角切入,对美国专利法200多年的发展历程中利益平衡原则的轮回进行梳理,借鉴美国立法经验借鉴,对我国专利立法确立专利权法律保护与限制恰当的平衡点来中和专利权的天生缺陷是有必要的。
Patent right is a natural monopoly right, which can easily be abused. It plays a double-edged sword in promoting market competition and impeding scientific development. The core of the system lies in the scientific and reasonable definition of value. From the perspective of the balance between the monopolistic interests and the public interests of patent, this paper sorts the cycle of the principle of balance of interests in the development process of the U.S. Patent Law for more than 200 years, draws lessons from the experience of American legislation and establishes the legal protection and restriction of the patent right in our country’s patent legislation The proper balance to neutralize the natural defects of the patent right is necessary.