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目的对2012-2014年开封市职业卫生现状进行调查,找出存在的突出问题,提出合理对策及建议。方法收集2012-2014年职业卫生工作数据,分析有害作业人员分布、对比工作场所各职业病危害因素检测结果及合格情况。结果安全生产监督管理部门对企业职业卫生工作的执法监督力度显著增加,大部分中小型企业尚不能主动开展职业卫生工作,这将是未来监督管理部门需要关注并加强监管的重点。开封市企业主要存在的职业病危害因素为粉尘、噪音、苯系物及化学毒物,作业现场粉尘的检测合格率最低,生产性粉尘的防护形势依然严峻。提高企业领导及职工职业病防治意识、从源头上加强作业场所防尘、降尘设施建设是防治尘肺病的根本。结论加强宣传培训,加大执法力度,建立多部门配合联合监管机制是推动职业卫生工作,从源头上预防、控制和消除职业病危害的有效方法。
Objective To investigate the current status of occupational health in Kaifeng City from 2012 to 2014 and find out the outstanding problems and put forward reasonable countermeasures and suggestions. Methods Collect occupational health work data from 2012 to 2014, analyze the distribution of harmful workers and compare the results of occupational hazards in the workplace with the test results. As a result, the work safety supervision departments have significantly increased their law enforcement supervision over occupational health work. Most small and medium-sized enterprises can not take the initiative to carry out occupational health work. This will be the focus of supervision and administration departments that need to pay attention to and strengthen supervision in the future. The main occupational hazards that exist in Kaifeng City enterprises are dust, noise, benzene compounds and chemical poisons. The lowest passing rate of dust on the job site and the protective situation of productive dust are still grim. Improve business leaders and staff awareness of occupational disease prevention and control, from the source to strengthen workplace dust, dust control facilities is the fundamental prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis. Conclusion Strengthening publicity and training, strengthening law enforcement and establishing a multi-sectoral system with joint regulatory mechanisms are effective ways to promote occupational health work and prevent, control and eliminate occupational hazards from the source.