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目的了解西安市11~17岁青少年超重和肥胖的现状及其相关因素。方法通过多阶段整群抽样方法抽取西安市6城区30所中学1804名学生(11~17岁),测量其身高、体重并计算体质指数(BMI),采用2000美国疾病预防控制中心(CDC)低体重标准及中国肥胖工作组(WGOC)推荐的超重和肥胖判定标准计算低体重率、超重和肥胖率。出生体重、家庭住址、经济状况、家长学历、职业和身高、体重等信息通过家长填写问卷采集。结果西安市青少年总超重肥胖率为17·4%(超重率11·2%、肥胖率6·2%),其中男性总超重肥胖率为20·2%,女性为14·4%。低体重率为2·7%。多元logistic回归显示:性别、年龄、家庭居住地、家庭经济状况及父母体重与青少年超重和肥胖显著相关(P<0·05)。经性别、年龄调整后,城区青少年超重和肥胖的风险是郊区的2·7倍(95%可信区间1·8~4·0);家庭富裕青少年的超重和肥胖风险是不富裕家庭的1·6倍(95%可信区间1·04~2·5);父母超重或肥胖的青少年超重肥胖发病风险是父母体重正常的1·8倍(95%可信区间1·3~2·5)。结论超重和肥胖已经成为影响西安市青少年健康的一个主要公共卫生问题,多发于城区、经济富裕或父母肥胖的家庭,以男性居多。
Objective To understand the prevalence and related factors of overweight and obesity in adolescents aged 11 to 17 in Xi’an. Methods A total of 1804 students (11-17 years old) from 30 high schools in 6 districts of Xi’an city were sampled by multistage cluster sampling method to measure their height and weight and calculate body mass index (BMI). The CDC was used in 2000 Body weight standards and Chinese obesity work group (WGOC) recommended overweight and obesity criteria for the determination of low weight, overweight and obesity rates. Birth weight, home address, economic status, parents’ education, occupation and height, weight and other information collected through questionnaire filled by parents. Results The total overweight and obesity rate of adolescents in Xi’an was 17.4% (overweight rate was 11.2% and obesity rate was 6.2%). Among them, the total rate of overweight and obesity was 20.2% in males and 14.4% in females. Low weight rate of 2.7%. Multivariate logistic regression showed that gender, age, family residence, family economic status and parental weight were significantly associated with overweight and obesity in adolescents (P <0.05). Sex and age-adjusted adolescent risk of overweight and obesity in urban areas was 2.7 times that of rural areas (95% confidence interval, 1.8-4.0); overweight and obesity risk among well-to-do adolescents in urban areas was 1 · The risk of overweight and obesity in overweight or obese parents was 1.8 times the normal weight of parents (95% confidence interval 1.3-3.5) · 6-fold (95% confidence interval -1.04-2.5) ). Conclusions Overweight and obesity have become a major public health problem affecting the health of adolescents in Xi’an. They occur frequently in urban areas, economically affluent or obese parents, mostly men.