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目的分析西安市2006—2014年学校流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情的流行病学特征和应急处置效果,为制定防控措施提供依据。方法搜集并整理西安市2006—2014年“突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统”报告的学校流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果西安市累计报告学校流行性腮腺炎疫情25起,涉及病例1 103例,波及人数33 972人,无死亡病例。其中“未分级”20起959例,“一般”级别5起144例。暴发疫情呈双峰分布,主峰在4—5月(共11起,占44%),次峰在11月(共7起,占28%)。小学(共19起,占76.00%)是流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情的高危场所。从首例发病到接到信息报告的时间中位数为8 d,疫情持续的时间中位数为29 d,报告及时性与疫情控制效果呈正相关(r=0.499,P<0.05)。结论西安市流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情有独特的流行病学特征。未接种疫苗的无免疫力人群累积是疫情暴发的主要原因,及早报告和有效的处置措施有助于疫情的及时控制。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of emergency outbreaks of mumps and the effect of emergency treatment in Xi’an from 2006 to 2014 so as to provide the basis for making prevention and control measures. Methods The data of epidemic outbreaks of mumps in school from 2006 to 2014 in the public health emergency management information system in Xi’an were collected and analyzed, and the descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data. Results A total of 25 epidemics of mumps were reported in Xi’an City, involving 1,103 cases and affecting 33,972 people without any deaths. There were 959 cases of “unfractionated” 20 cases and 144 cases of “normal” grade 5 cases. Outbreaks showed a bimodal distribution with the main peak from April to May (11 cases, accounting for 44%) and the second peak in November (7 cases, 28%). Primary schools (19 in total, 76.00%) are high-risk places for outbreaks of mumps. The median time from the first incident to receiving the information report was 8 days, and the median duration of the outbreak was 29 days. The timeliness of reporting was positively correlated with the control effect (r = 0.499, P <0.05). Conclusions The outbreak of mumps in Xi’an has unique epidemiological characteristics. The accumulation of unvaccinated non-immunized people is the main reason for the outbreak. Early reports and effective measures of disposal can help control the epidemic in time.