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目的:分析国内外新生儿重症监护室早产儿预防性应用抗菌药的现状,为早产儿临床规范性用药提供参考意见。方法:检索中外文数据库Cochrane library、PubMed、Embase、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国知网(CNKI),同时筛检纳入文献的参考文献资料,查找有关于NICU早产儿预防性应用抗菌药的文献。结果:合理应用抗菌药可有效降低医院感染的发生。胎龄、日龄越小,其药物半衰期越长,早产儿常用抗菌药物的剂量及用药时间间隔应体重、日龄来制定。严格依据抗菌药物指征对早产儿应用可在一定程度上降低不良反应发生率,减少抗菌药费用、抗菌药使用时间,避免抗菌药的不合理使用。结论:预防性应用抗菌药不能减少院内感染,只有在符合用药指征条件下应用,才能真正意义上体现NICU早产儿抗菌药物临床应用价值。
Objective: To analyze the status of prophylactic use of antibacterials in preterm infants in neonatal intensive care unit at home and abroad, and to provide reference for clinical normative medication in premature infants. Methods: The Chinese and English databases Cochrane library, PubMed, Embase, Wanfang database, VIP database and CNKI were searched, and the references of the included articles were screened out to find out the literature about prophylactic use of antibacterials in NICU preterm infants . Results: Rational use of antimicrobial agents can effectively reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections. Gestational age, the smaller the age, the longer the half-life of the drug, the dose of antibiotics commonly used in preterm infants and medication interval should be weight, age to develop. Strictly based on the indications of antimicrobial agents for premature children can reduce the incidence of adverse reactions to a certain extent, reduce the cost of antimicrobial drugs, antibacterials use of time, to avoid the irrational use of antimicrobial agents. Conclusion: The prophylactic use of antimicrobial agents can not reduce the nosocomial infection, only in line with the application of indications under the conditions in order to truly reflect the clinical application of antimicrobial agents NICU preterm children.