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为研究交通事故成本最小情况下的高速公路养护施工区最优化布局,在对高速公路养护施工区特征及临时交通安全设施分析基础上,遴选重要指标并构建高速公路养护施工区交通事故成本预估模型;通过问卷调查确定高速公路养护施工区的布局特征对交通事故的影响等级,定量研究高速公路养护施工区布局特征对交通事故发生风险的影响程度,确定拟实施养护作业路段的事故率变化;最后,建立以交通事故成本控制为目标的高速公路施工区布局优化模型,从而确定最优的养护期间施工区的布局设置。研究结果表明:高速公路施工区布局设置对养护施工区交通事故成本有显著影响,遴选的各类施工区特征中相应的风险等级最高的施工区特征参数分别为白天(6:00~10:00)施工、移动施工、入口匝道附近作业、车道宽度小于标准车道宽度、路面画线、太阳眩光、无限速、施工设备安装、隧道群处、异质性车队(大型车比例20%~80%);有巡逻车引导车辆通行能在最大程度上减少施工区交通事故;通过求解以交通事故成本控制为目标的高速公路施工区布局优化模型,可获得养护施工区的最优布局设置,实证分析证明了该模型的有效性和实用性。该研究可为优化施工区布局设置、交通安全管理措施评价和施工区成本效益分析提供理论基础。
In order to study the optimal layout of expressway maintenance area with the lowest cost of traffic accidents, based on the analysis of the characteristics of expressway maintenance area and temporary traffic safety facilities, the paper chooses important indexes and estimates the cost of traffic accidents in expressway maintenance area Model; Through the questionnaire survey to determine the layout of the highway maintenance area of the impact of the level of traffic accidents, quantitative analysis of highway maintenance zone layout characteristics of the risk of traffic accidents to determine the degree of implementation of the proposed maintenance operation section of the accident rate changes; Finally, the optimization model of expressway construction area layout, which aims at the control of traffic accident costs, is established to determine the optimal layout of the construction area during maintenance. The results show that the layout of expressway construction area has a significant impact on the cost of traffic accidents in the construction and maintenance areas. Among the selected types of construction areas, the corresponding characteristic parameters of the construction area with the highest risk level are daytime (6: 00-10: 00 ) Construction, mobile construction, work near entrance ramp, lane width less than standard lane width, pavement drawing, sun glare, unlimited speed, installation of construction equipment, tunnels, heterogeneous fleet (20% to 80% ; Patrol vehicles to guide the traffic can minimize the traffic accidents in the construction area; By solving the highway construction area layout optimization model with the objective of traffic accident cost control, the optimal layout of the maintenance construction area can be obtained, and the empirical analysis proves The validity and practicability of this model. The research can provide theoretical basis for optimizing the layout of construction area, evaluating the traffic safety management measures and analyzing the cost-benefit of the construction area.