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目的:观察盐酸羟考酮缓释片口服与直肠给药两种途径治疗癌痛的疗效和不良反应。方法选择锦州医科大学附属一院肿瘤科2010年9月~2015年9月128例癌痛患者,随机数字表法将128例患者分为口服给药组和直肠给药组每组64例,比较两种给药途径的缓解疼痛的疗效以及不良反应发生情况。结果口服给药组疼痛缓解有效率为92.18%,直肠给药组有效率为93.75%,两组的疗效无统计学意义(P>0.05)。口服给药不良反应65.62%,直肠给药不良反应39.06%,两组的疗效无统计学意义(P0.05) in two groups. The adverse drug reaction of oral administration was 65.62%, the adverse effect of rectal administration was 39.06%, and the curative effect of the two groups was not statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Rectal administration and oral administration to relieve pain effect is equivalent, rectal administration adverse reaction less, for patients with oral difficulty is a convenient and safe and effective way.