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能源、信息和材料是新技术革命的三大支柱。新材料的出现往往会给新技术带来巨大的突破。为了探索高性能和多功能的新材料,据报导美国从事材料科学的人员接近全国科技人员总数的三分之一,在公开发表的固体物理和化学文摘中,与材料有关的文章约占40%。高分子复合和共混材料是含有聚合物的多组分的多相材料,由于它具有单一材料的综合性能,日益受到人们注目。目前世界合成树脂、橡胶、纤维的年产量约9000万吨,品种牌号不胜枚举,然而采用的主要原料单体却寥寥无几,仍然是乙烯、丙烯、丁二烯及其衍生物和少数其他有机原料。许多高性能和多功能产品皆是利用现有原料单体或均聚物通过共聚、共混或复合制得的。
Energy, information and materials are the three pillars of the new technological revolution. The emergence of new materials tend to bring a huge breakthrough in new technologies. To explore new materials of high performance and versatility, it is reported that nearly a third of the total science and technology personnel in the United States are engaged in material sciences, and about 40% of material-related articles are published in published physical and chemical abstracts . Polymer composites and blends are multi-component polymer-containing, multiphase materials that are attracting increasing attention due to their combined properties as a single material. At present, the annual output of synthetic resin, rubber and fiber in the world is about 90 million tons. There are many kinds of grades. However, there are only a few monomer used as main raw materials, and ethylene, propylene, butadiene and their derivatives and a few other organic raw material. Many high performance and multifunctional products are made by copolymerizing, blending or compounding existing monomers or homopolymers.