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目的:调查影响学龄前儿童视力发育的相关因素及其发育规律,为临床早期正确诊断弱视提供科学依据。方法:采用自然光线、标准对数视力表每半年对学龄前儿童进行一次视力检查,共计检查5次。同时发放、收集《幼儿视力相关因素的调查表》,对视力异常儿童作进一步检查。结果:①学龄前儿童视力发育与性别、眼别、区域无关。②弱视是儿童的常见眼病,屈光不正是主要原因。③出生史、喂养史、生长发育史、近距离用眼时间、父母的文化程度、眼病史、烟酒嗜好、近亲属眼病史对儿童视力发育没有影响。④视力发育随着儿童年龄的增长日趋成熟,年龄相差6个月以上时,视力有显著差异。结论:学龄前儿童视力呈动态变化过程,随着年龄增长逐渐成熟,应每半年检查一次。
Objective: To investigate the related factors and their developmental rules influencing preschool children ’s visual acuity and provide a scientific basis for correctly diagnosing amblyopia in early stage of clinical practice. Methods: Using natural light, standard logarithmic visual acuity chart for preschool children every six months for a visual inspection, a total of 5 checks. At the same time distributed, collect “questionnaire of factors related to visual acuity of young children”, for further inspection of children with abnormal vision. Results: ① preschool children’s visual acuity and sex, eye do not, the region has nothing to do. ② amblyopia is a common eye disease in children, refractive errors are the main reason. ③ birth history, feeding history, growth and development history, close with the eye time, parental education, history of eye disease, alcohol and tobacco preferences, history of close relatives eye disease has no effect on children’s visual acuity. ④ visual acuity as children age matures, age difference of more than 6 months, visual acuity was significantly different. Conclusion: The visual acuity of preschool children shows a dynamic process of change, which gradually matures with age and should be checked every six months.