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以5年生红枣园为研究对象,在氮磷钾施肥量一定条件下,研究不同时期氮磷钾肥的分配量对枣园土壤肥力及红枣树生长、产量的影响。结果表明,氮肥分配试验中,萌芽期施氮肥270 kg hm-2的土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾增幅最大,较花期、果实膨大期重施氮肥,碱解氮含量提高了15%和16%,枣树生长指标的综合效果最优、单株产量最高。磷肥分配试验中,果实膨大期施磷肥405 kg hm-2的土壤肥力效果最优、枣树树高、冠幅面积、茎粗、枣头长、枣头粗的增加量较缺磷处理分别提高12%、66%、19%、3%、168%,单株产量最高。钾肥分配试验中,萌芽期和果实膨大期施钾肥67.5 kg hm-2的土壤肥力最高、枣树生长指标的综合效果最优,其单株产量为1.46 kg plant-1,折合产量可达14650 kg hm-2,显著高于果实膨大期重施钾肥处理,较缺钾处理提高23%。萌芽期施纯N、P2O5、K2O肥270、135、67.5 kg hm-2,花期施纯N肥202.5 kg hm-2,果实膨大期施纯N、P2O5、K2O肥202.5、405、67.5 kg hm-2,对提高土壤肥力和产量,促进枣树生长发育效果最佳。
With 5-year-old jujube orchards as research object, the effects of N, P and K fertilizers on soil fertility and jujube tree growth and yield in jujube orchard were studied under certain nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization rates. The results showed that the contents of soil organic matter, alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the nitrogen fertilization experiment were the highest at the germination stage with 270 kg hm-2 of nitrogen application. Compared with the flowering and fruit expanding periods, the nitrogen application was heavy and the content of alkaline nitrogen was increased by 15 % And 16%, jujube growth index of the best overall effect, the highest yield per plant. In the experiment of phosphate fertilizer allocation, the soil fertility of 405 kg hm-2 applying phosphate fertilizer during the fruit enlargement period was the best, and the increasing amount of jujube tree height, crown area, stem diameter, jujube head length and jujube head diameter were higher 12%, 66%, 19%, 3%, 168%, the highest yield per plant. In the potash allocation experiment, the soil fertility of 67.5 kg hm-2 was the highest in the budding period and fruit expanding period, and the optimum combination of jujube growth index was the best. The yield per plant was 1.46 kg plant-1 and the yield could reach 14650 kg hm-2, which was significantly higher than that of re-applied potash fertilizer during the period of fruit enlargement, which was 23% higher than that of potassium deficiency treatment. In the budding stage, pure N, P2O5 and K2O fertilizers were 270, 135 and 67.5 kg hm-2, 202.5 kg hm-2 N and 202.5, 405 and 67.5 kg hm- 2, to improve soil fertility and yield, promote jujube tree growth and development of the best.