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本文主要研究探讨马克思经典著作及其理论中包含的丰富的可持续发展经济思想及其与人的全面发展的关系。主要从四个方面,首先是探讨马克思关于自然资源的作用与可持续发展思想,其次是探讨马克思关于人和自然的关系与可持续发展思想,再次是探讨马克思关于资本循环周转的理论以及两大部类的理论与可持续发展思想,最后是探讨马克思关于人的全面发展理论与可持续发展思想。本文力求纠正一种认为可持续发展经济思想和理论仅仅是当代增长经济学家提出的,而与马克思无关,马克思在这方面没有地位和贡献的观点和偏见。同时,修正一种传统思想,过去我们总是认为,马克思仅仅或主要是从阶级剥削角度揭露资本主义的暂时性,这一观点和思想是偏颇的,非常不全面的。本文认为,马克思更重要是从人类社会可持续发展的角度,从人的发展的角度揭露和论证资本主义的危害性和暂时性,以及被新的合理社会形态(人与自然和谐发展,人得到全面发展的社会形态)所代替的必然性、合理性。使人类社会持续发展、使人和自然和谐发展共存,从而使人得到全面自由的发展,才是马克思毕生所追求的。消灭剥削或称消灭阶级剥削并不是马克思思想的全部。马克思理论占主导的应该是他的合理开发、利用保护自然资源,人和自然和谐共存、发展,人得到充分自由全面发展的可持续发展思想。而正是这一点恰恰被我们长期忽视了。
This article mainly studies and discusses the rich sustainable economic thought and its relationship with the all-round development of human beings contained in the Marxist classics and theories. From four aspects, firstly, it explores Marx’s thought on the role of natural resources and sustainable development; secondly, it discusses Marx’s thought on the relationship between man and nature and sustainable development; secondly, it explores Marx’s theory of circulating capital and two major The theory of category and the thought of sustainable development. Finally, it explores Marx’s theory of people’s all-round development and the thought of sustainable development. This article seeks to correct the viewpoints and prejudices that Marx thought that economic thought and theory of sustainable development were just put forward by contemporary growth economists but had nothing to do with Marx and Marx did not have any status and contribution in this regard. At the same time, it is necessary to amend a traditional idea that in the past we always thought that Marx’s view and ideology was biased and very incomplete in exposing the temporary nature of capitalism solely or mainly from the perspective of class exploitation. This article argues that it is more important for Marx to expose and demonstrate the harmfulness and temporary nature of capitalism from the perspective of human development from the perspective of the sustainable development of mankind society and to find out from the new rational social form (harmonious development between man and nature, All-round development of social form) to replace the inevitability, rationality. The continuous development of human society, the harmonious coexistence of man and nature, so that people can enjoy full and free development are the ones pursued by Marx throughout his life. The abolition of exploitation or the abolition of class exploitation are not the totality of Marx’s thinking. The dominant Marxist theory should be his rational development, the use of the protection of natural resources, the harmonious coexistence and development of man and nature, and the full, free and all-round development of the idea of sustainable development. And precisely this is exactly what we have long overlooked.