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本文对客货船客、货费用的分摊方法进行了研究,指出现有的分摊方法与客货应负担的费用偏离太大,不能反映用于客、货的真实消耗,提出了按运输作业过程的停泊作业时间和航行作业时间进行分摊的方法,即停泊作业按用于客、货的时间比例分摊,航行作业按用于客运与货运的船舶容积比例进行分摊。这样比较符合费用消耗实际,能够反映出客货船客、货各自的成本情况。根据分析,指出现有的沿海和长江的主要客货船——长征型和新的东方红型,如果能进行适当的改装和运行组织上的改革,并结合其他措施,进行精打细算,便可以提高经济效益,避免亏损。并进而提出了今后新造客货船的载货定额,应根据班期(以方便旅客为主)规定的终点港停泊时间(可用于装卸货的时间)和装卸效率来决定。
This paper studies the sharing methods of passenger and freight charges between passenger and cargo, points out that the existing methods of apportionment deviate too much from the costs borne by passengers and goods, and can not reflect the real consumption for passengers and goods. The method of allocation between mooring time and sailing time, that is, mooring operation is used to share the time proportion of passengers and goods, and the sailing operation is divided according to the proportion of vessels used for passenger and freight transportation. This more in line with the actual cost of consumption can reflect the passenger and freight shipments, the cost of their goods. According to the analysis, it is pointed out that the existing major passenger and cargo vessels along the Yangtze River and the Yangtze River, the Long March and the new Oriental Red, can improve their economy if they can carry out appropriate reorganization and organization reform as well as other measures Benefit, avoid losses. And then put forward the cargo norm of newly built passenger and cargo ships in the future, which should be decided according to the terminal port time (which can be used for loading and unloading time) and the loading and unloading efficiency stipulated in the class schedule (mainly for the convenience of passengers).