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随着新型城镇化进程的推进,大量农村劳动力进入首都都市圈,形成了庞大的农民工群体。农民工身处劳动群体的最底层,其相对贫困化日益显著。农民工贫困问题关涉农村和城市的贫困人群,是中国贫困问题的重要一环。减轻、消除农民工多维贫困,对于实现党的十八大提出的全面建成小康社会的目标具有重大意义。本文采用测量多维贫困的AF方法,将农民工的贫困类型划分为五种:物质贫困、权利贫困、精神贫困、能力贫困、健康贫困。并以农民工最为密集的建筑业为例,从多维度对首都地区农民工贫困状况进行考察,涵盖了农民工家庭基本情况、就业与权益、能力与发展、生活与健康、社会关系与社会参与以及农村的生活等六个方面。全面分析了农民工的多维贫困的特点,并从制度和农民工自身两个方面探讨了农民工贫困的成因,在此基础上提出取消对农民工的户籍歧视待遇、改善其居住条件、提高其组织化程度等措施以应对城镇化进程中的农民工贫困问题。
With the advancing of the new urbanization process, a large number of rural laborers entered the capital metropolitan area and formed a huge migrant workers group. Migrant workers living in the bottom of the working population, the relative poverty is increasingly significant. The problem of migrant workers' poverty related to the poor in rural and urban areas is an important part of China's poverty issue. To alleviate and eliminate the multi-dimensional poverty of migrant workers is of great significance to the realization of the goal put forward by the 18th CPC National Congress in building a well-off society in an all-round way. In this paper, we use the AF method to measure multidimensional poverty, and divide the types of peasant workers into five types of poverty: material poverty, right poverty, spiritual poverty, poverty of ability and healthy poverty. Taking the most intensive construction industry of migrant workers as an example, this paper examines the poverty situation of migrant workers in the capital from many dimensions. It covers the basic conditions of migrant workers' families, employment and rights, ability and development, life and health, social relations and social participation As well as six aspects of rural life. This paper analyzes the characteristics of multi-dimensional poverty of migrant workers in an all-round way and probes into the causes of migrant workers' poverty from two aspects: the system and migrant workers themselves. On this basis, it proposes to eliminate the discrimination of migrant workers from household registration, improve their living conditions, The degree of organization and other measures to deal with the problem of poverty of migrant workers in the process of urbanization.