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目的探讨麻疹的流行病学特征以及麻疹疫苗强化前后的防控效果。方法采用麻疹疫苗(MV)强化免疫接种方法,于2004年10月10-25日对贵州省铜仁地区8月龄～6岁的学龄前儿童、12岁以内的在校儿童、13岁以下的辍学儿童进行了麻疹强化免疫,并采用比较流行病学方法,对强化免疫前(2002-2004年)和强化免疫后(2005-2008年)的预防效果进行了比较分析。结果 MV强化后,麻疹发病明显下降,平均发病率由强化前21.11/10万下降为强化后0.73/10万,差异有统计学意义(χ2=18.18,P<0.05;RR=21.0),麻疹的发病风险降低了21倍。同时监测发现,麻疹IgG抗体水平明显上升(χ2=31.97,P<0.00)。结论 MV强化可有效地控制麻疹发病,是彻底消除麻疹的有效措施,强化周期应每3～4年进行1次。同时,做好麻疹专报系统监测,及时调整免疫策略,加强常规免疫规划,也是一项必不可少的防控措施。
Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of measles and the preventive and control effects of measles vaccine before and after intensive treatment. Methods The measles vaccine (MV) immunization method was used to vaccinate preschool children aged from 8 months to 6 years old, children under 12 years of age and under 13 years of age in Tongren district of Guizhou province from October 10 to 25, Children were immunized against measles and adopted comparative epidemiological methods to compare the preventive effects of pre-booster immunization (2002-2004) and post-booster immunization (2005-2008). Results The incidence of measles decreased significantly with the increase of MV. The average incidence decreased from 21.11 / 100000 to 0.73 / 100000, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 18.18, P <0.05; RR = 21.0) The risk of developing a 21-fold reduction. At the same time monitoring, measles IgG antibody levels were significantly increased (χ2 = 31.97, P <0.00). Conclusion MV can effectively control the incidence of measles and is an effective measure to eliminate measles completely. The strengthening cycle should be carried out once every 3 to 4 years. At the same time, it is also an indispensable prevention and control measure to do a good job of monitoring the special report system of measles, timely adjust the immunization strategy and strengthen routine immunization programs.