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韩国于20世纪60年代开始经济起飞,其工业化进程加快,到1970年代末,韩国已进入工业化中期阶段,并跨入中等收入国家行列。但由于其重化工业化过程,主要是靠政府主导与推动下重机、重化工业一边倒的投资强行实现的,导致了一系列的严重问题。此后,韩国政府对其产业政策做出了重大调整,从过去的“政府主导型经济”逐渐向“市场主导型经济”转变,大大减少对于企业活动的直接干预,积极改善市场环境与增进市场功能;政策重点也从促进重化工业的集中的投资,转向以经济手段支持引进设备的国产化、引进技术的吸收与升级,进而实施“科技立国”战
South Korea started its economic take-off in the 1960s and its industrialization accelerated. By the late 1970s, South Korea had entered the middle stage of industrialization and stepped into the ranks of middle-income countries. However, due to its heavy chemical industrialization process, it is mainly implemented by government-led and driven heavy machinery, while the one-sided investments of heavy chemical industry are forced to be implemented, resulting in a series of serious problems. Since then, the South Korean government has made major adjustments to its industrial policies, shifting from the “government-led economy” in the past to the “market-oriented economy”, drastically reducing direct intervention in business activities and actively improving the market environment And the promotion of market functions; the policy focus also shifted from concentrating investment in the promotion of heavy chemical industry to supporting localization of imported equipment by economic means, absorbing and upgrading imported technologies, and further implementing the strategy of “establishing a nation through science and technology”