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目的研究不同家庭控烟方式对婴幼儿可替宁水平和急性呼吸道感染(ARI)的影响。方法选择300名居家婴幼儿为研究对象,根据家庭控烟方式分为严格控烟组97人、部分控烟组88人和未控烟组115人,测量尿可替宁水平,并进行为期1年的前瞻性随访,记录随访期间ARI发生情况。结果严格控烟组可替宁的平均水平为(0.45±0.21)μg/L,明显低于部分控烟组(1.01±0.49)μg/L和未控烟组(1.16±0.48)μg/L(P<0.05),但部分控烟组与未控烟组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。严格控烟组下呼吸道感染发生率为18.75%,明显低于部分控烟组的32.18%和未控烟组的37.72%(P<0.05);上呼吸道感染次数、下呼吸道感染次数在三组间分别作比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。严格控烟组发生上、下呼吸道感染的比例明显低于部分控烟组和未控烟组(P<0.05),但部分控烟组与未控烟组的上、下呼吸道感染的发生比例比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论室内严格禁烟有助于减少婴幼儿被动吸烟和ARI的发生。
Objective To study the effects of different family smoking patterns on infant cotinine level and acute respiratory infection (ARI). Methods 300 infants and toddlers were selected as study subjects. According to the mode of tobacco control in the family, 97 patients in strict tobacco control group, 88 in some tobacco control group and 115 in uncontrolled tobacco group were enrolled in this study. Urine cotinine level was measured and prospectively for 1 year Follow-up, record the incidence of ARI during follow-up. Results The average level of cotinine in patients with severe tobacco control was (0.45 ± 0.21) μg / L, which was significantly lower than that in control tobacco (1.01 ± 0.49) μg / L and uncontrolled tobacco (1.16 ± 0.48) μg / L ), But there was no significant difference between some tobacco control group and control tobacco group (P> 0.05). The incidence of lower respiratory tract infection was 18.75% in strictly controlled group, which was significantly lower than 32.18% in some controlled group and 37.72% in uncontrolled group (P <0.05). The numbers of upper respiratory tract infection and lower respiratory tract infection were compared among the three groups , The differences were statistically significant (P <0.01). The ratio of upper respiratory tract infection to lower respiratory tract infection in strictly controlled group was significantly lower than that in some controlled and uncontrolled tobacco groups (P <0.05), but there was no statistical difference in the proportions of upper and lower respiratory tract infections among some controlled and uncontrolled tobacco groups Significance (P> 0.05). Conclusion The strict smoking ban inside the hospital can help to reduce passive smoking and ARI in infants and young children.