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直译法(literal translation),即把涵义上与西方医学完全相同的单词或词组直接翻译过来,在目前中医名词术语的翻译中经常采用,已成为中医英译词汇的主要来源。直译法能充分忠实于原文,语言贴切,表达鲜明,译文简练。能够保证译语的信息密度与原语的信息密度基本一致。从现代医学的角度分析,源语言与目标语言读者对上述专业术语的理解基本达到了效果等值,文化亏损也较少。但由于中西方两种文化的差异,以及中医本身的独特含义,用直译法虽然简略,西医的英语词汇不能完全表达中医概念的内涵及其深层含义,而且,仅仅在医学词汇中寻找对等词来强行翻译中医必然导致理解的偏颇,因为中医的英译不全是医学的英译。尽管中医术语一般说来其内涵与外延较之西医术语的专一性要大得多,相信随着世界对中医理论的进一步了解,最终是不会把中医概念与同名的西医概念混淆的。同时笔者也希望通过国家有关部门(如国家中医药管理局)通过中西医学的比较,加强名词术语的规范化和统一,组织进行中医药学英译的学术交流,包括国际性的学术交流,在“百家争鸣”的基础上,逐步完善,达到中医英译的信、达、雅。
Literal translation, that is, the translation of words or phrases with the same meanings as western medicine, is often used in the translation of traditional Chinese medicine terminologies and has become the main source of the English translation of Chinese medicine. Literal Translation Law can be fully loyal to the original language, appropriate language, expressive, concise translation. It can ensure that the information density of the translated language is basically the same as the information density of the original language. From the perspective of modern medicine, readers of source language and target language have basically reached the same effect and have less cultural loss. However, due to the differences between Chinese and Western cultures and the unique meanings of Chinese medicine, although the literal translation method is short, the English vocabulary of western medicine can not fully express the connotation of Chinese medicine concept and its deep meaning. Moreover, To forcefully translate Chinese medicine will inevitably lead to misunderstandings, because the incomplete translation of Chinese medicine is an English translation of medicine. Although TCM terms generally have a much greater intension and denotation than the specificity of Western terminologies, it is believed that as the world knows more about TCM theory, it will eventually not confuse the concept of TCM with that of Western medicine of the same name. At the same time, the author also hopes to strengthen the standardization and unification of noun terms through the comparison of Chinese and Western medicine by the relevant state departments (such as the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), organize the academic exchanges of English translation of traditional Chinese medicine, including international academic exchanges, On the basis of “one hundred schools of thought contend”, and gradually improve, to achieve the English translation of Chinese medicine letter, up, elegant.