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干热风是常发生在中国北方冬小麦产区的高温、低湿、风速较大,并伴随有强热量交换和水分蒸发过程的农业气象灾害.当其发生时如果不能保证作物水分的供给,将严重影响产量.因此,开展干热风发生机理的准确模拟与预报,对指导采取适时的农田管理措施,保障小麦产量至关重要.本文应用中尺度气象模式WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)输出结果驱动北京大学陆面模式PKULM(Peking University Land Model)的模拟方法,结合气象台站观测与风云3A卫星遥感反演的叶面积指数数据,对关中平原2008-2013六年间干热风过程中农田生态系统温度、湿度、风速、感热通量、潜热通量等陆气交换特征进行了数值模拟.准确模拟出了干热风发生期间的大气温度、相对湿度、风速、土壤温度、土壤含水量及冠层感热通量、总感热通量、冠层潜热通量和总潜热通量等关键要素特征,揭示了本地区干热风的两种形成机制.模拟结果表明:WRF对干热风过程的温度场、湿度场与风场模拟比较准确,PKULM对于植物在干热风过程中、特别是气孔关闭阶段的感热、潜热通量的模拟明显优于WRF-Noah LSM(Noah Land Surface Model)的模拟效果.模拟结果与相应气象要素的观测值数值接近、变化趋势一致,在实际干热风发生时间段内的各要素模拟值均达到干热风指标,因此使用本模式系统模拟预报干热风灾害是可行的.
Dry and hot winds are agricultural meteorological disasters that occur frequently in the winter wheat growing areas of northern China, where high temperature, low humidity, high wind speeds, accompanied by strong heat exchange and moisture evaporation process, can seriously affect the supply of crop moisture Therefore, carrying out the accurate simulation and prediction of the mechanism of dry and hot wind is very important to guide the timely management of farmland and ensure the yield of wheat.In this paper, we use the Weather Research and Forecasting WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) output to drive Peking University (Peking University Land Model) and the leaf area index data of meteorological stations and the retrieval of the Fengyun 3A satellite remote sensing data, the temperature, humidity and wind speed of farmland ecosystem during the dry-hot wind in the Guanzhong Plain during the six years from 2008 to 2013 were analyzed. , Sensible heat flux and latent heat flux were simulated numerically.The atmospheric temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, soil temperature, soil moisture content and canopy heat flux during the dry-hot wind were accurately simulated, Total sensible heat flux, canopy latent heat flux and total latent heat flux, revealed that local The results show that WRF is more accurate for temperature field and humidity field and wind field simulation of dry-hot air process. PKULM is more sensitive to heat-sensitive plants in dry-hot air process, especially stomatal closure stage, The simulation results of WRF-Noah LSM (Noah Land Surface Model) are obviously better than those of WRF-Noah LSM.The simulation results are close to the observation values of the corresponding meteorological elements, and the changing trends are the same, and the simulated values of each element in the actual dry-hot air occurrence period Reach the dry hot wind index, therefore it is feasible to use this model system to simulate the dry-hot wind disaster.