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目的了解温泉度假娱乐场所温泉水军团菌污染状况及相关因素。方法选择北京市昌平地区较大的4所温泉度假娱乐场所,采用统一调查表进行现场调查,同时采集温泉水进行军团菌分离、鉴定和菌落计数,分离到的菌株用PCR方法进行mip基因分型。结果87份温泉水检出47株军团菌,均为嗜肺军团菌(Lp),检出率为54．02%,共有4个血清型(Lp1占57．45%,Lp6占21．28%,Lp12占14．89%,Lp5占6．38%)。温泉水通过循环过滤加热系统控制池水的温度在34～47℃之间,34～44℃均有军团菌的检出,34℃以下和44℃以上未检出,其中高温池(40～47℃)37份水样检出Lp 21株,检出率56．75%；低温池(34～39．9℃)42份水样检出Lp 26株,检出率61．90%。高温池与低温池检出率差异无统计学意义(P＞0．05)。4所温泉度假娱乐场所温泉水pH值6．4～7．3,环境温度26～28℃,相对湿度在56%～69%,均为军团菌最佳的生长条件。温泉场所的消毒全部采用氯制剂,余氯含量为0．3～0．5 mg/L,但检出率仍在14．29%～48．00%。结论4所温泉娱乐场所温泉水Lp污染比较严重,血清分型以Lp1为主,环境条件、pH值、温泉水温度以及温泉的形成方式均适合军团菌生长,所以要高度注意由温泉引起的军团菌暴发。由于温泉水温度比较高,氯制剂中氯挥发快,可影响消毒效果,温度达到44℃以上可作为抑制军团菌方法。
Objective To understand the status of Legionella pneumophila contamination in spa resorts and related factors. Methods Four larger spa resorts in Changping District of Beijing were selected for site investigation. A uniform questionnaire was used to conduct on-site investigation. At the same time, hot spring water was collected for isolation, identification and colony counting of Legionella isolates. The isolated strains were subjected to PCR using mip genotyping . Results A total of 47 strains of Legionella were detected in 87 hot spring waters, all of which were Legionella pneumophila (Lp). The detection rate was 54.02%. There were 4 serotypes (Lp1 accounted for 57.45%, Lp6 accounted for 21.28% , Lp12 accounted for 14.89%, Lp5 accounted for 6.38%). The temperature of the hot spring water was controlled by circulating filtration and heating system. The temperature of the water in the pool was between 34 and 47 ℃. The detection of Legionella at 34 ~ 44 ℃ was not detected. The temperature was below 34 ℃ and above 44 ℃, ) 37 samples were detected Lp 21 strains, the detection rate was 56.75%; low temperature pool (34 ~ 39.9 ℃) 42 samples were detected Lp 26 strains, the detection rate was 61.90%. There was no significant difference in the detection rate of high temperature pool and low temperature pool (P> 0.05). 4 hot springs resort entertainment hot spring water pH 6.4 ~ 7.3, ambient temperature 26 ~ 28 ℃, relative humidity 56% ~ 69%, are the best growth conditions Legionella. The disinfection of hot spring places all use chlorine preparation, the residual chlorine content is 0.3 ~ 0.5 mg / L, but the detection rate is still 14.29% ~ 48.00%. Conclusion The Lp pollution of hot spring water is rather serious. The serotypes are mainly Lp1. The environmental conditions, pH value, temperature of hot spring water and formation of hot springs are suitable for the growth of Legionella bacteria. Therefore, we should pay great attention to the Legionnaires’ Bacteria outbreak. Due to the relatively high temperature of hot spring water, chlorine is rapidly volatilized in chlorine preparations, which can affect the disinfection effect. When the temperature is above 44 ℃, it can be used as a method of inhibiting Legionella.