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目的:了解某院医院感染现患情况及抗菌药物使用情况,为修订医院感染防控措施提供循证依据。方法:采用横断面研究、床旁调查和运行病历调查相结合的方法,调查2016年10月11日00∶00~24∶00所有住院患者的医院感染、标本送检及抗菌药物使用情况。结果:共调查住院患者1 262例,发生医院感染22例、25例次,医院感染现患率为1.74%,例次现患率为1.98%。医院感染现患率最高的科室为小儿神经内科(11.54%),其次为新生儿重症监护室(NICU)7.14%。医院感染部位以下呼吸道(60.00%)为主,其次是胃肠道(12.00%)和血液(12.00%)。22例医院感染病例中共有17例标本送检,送检率为77.27%;共检出病原体7株,其中鲍曼不动杆菌和屎肠球菌各2株,近平滑假丝酵母菌、鹑鸡肠球菌、轮状病毒各1株。全院抗菌药物使用率为56.58%,治疗及治疗+预防用药标本送检率为74.23%。结论:应加强重点科室、重点人群、重点部位的监测,合理使用抗菌药物,采取集束化干预的方法以控制或减少耐药菌的发生。
Objective: To understand the prevalence of hospital infection and the use of antibacterials in hospital and to provide evidence base for the revision of hospital infection prevention and control measures. Methods: The hospital infection, sample submission and antimicrobial use were investigated in all inpatients from 00:00 to 24:00 on October 11, 2016 using a combination of cross-sectional studies, bedside surveys and running medical records. Results: A total of 1 262 hospitalized patients were investigated. Twenty-two nosocomial infections occurred in 25 cases. The prevalence rate of nosocomial infections was 1.74%. The prevalence rate was 1.98%. The highest incidence of nosocomial infection department of pediatric neurology (11.54%), followed by the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) 7.14%. The following respiratory tract (60.00%) was the main site of nosocomial infection, followed by gastrointestinal tract (12.00%) and blood (12.00%). A total of 17 cases of nosocomial infections were detected in 22 cases, with a rate of 77.27%. Seven pathogens were detected, of which Acinetobacter baumannii and Enterococcus faecium were 2 each, Candida parapsilosis, Enterococcus, rotavirus each one. The hospital antibacterial drug usage was 56.58%, treatment and treatment + prophylactic drug delivery rate was 74.23%. Conclusion: Monitoring should be strengthened in key departments, key populations and key sites, rational use of antimicrobial agents, and to adopt cluster intervention to control or reduce the occurrence of drug-resistant bacteria.