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早在十九世纪,已经发现雄性不育现象,首先报道的是葛特纳尔(Gartner,1844).二十世纪后,在较多的植物中相继找到不育系.据爱德华生(Edward-son,J.R.1970) 报道,截止1969年,已在22个科,51个属,153个物种中,发现雄性不育株. 雄性不育系在育种工作中的应用只是近十多年的事.利用雄性不育系配制杂交种,在常异花授粉作物、异花授粉作物中,早已应用于生产.目前,已突破了自花授粉作物的禁区,我国杂交水稻在1977年已推广3276万亩.这为杂种优势的利用,开辟了极为令人鼓舞的前景. 不少科学工作者经过数十年的研究,对植物雄性不育性的表现、特性和传递规律,已有所发现,有所认识.但认识过程中还带片面性,局限性,未能揭露其本质.本文就雄性不育性的遗传及其形成的原因,谈谈粗浅的看法.
As early as the 19th century, male sterility has been reported, first reported by Gartner (1844). After the twentieth century, male sterile lines have been found in more plants. According to Edward- son, JR1970) reported that male sterility lines were found in 22 families, 51 genera and 153 species by 1969. The application of male sterile lines in breeding has been only a matter of more than a decade. The use of male sterile lines for the preparation of hybrids in the evergreen pollination of cross-pollinated crops, cross-pollination crops, has long been used in the production has now exceeded the restricted area of self-pollination crops, hybrid rice in China in 1977 has promoted 32.76 million mu This has opened up a very encouraging prospect for the utilization of heterosis, and many scientific workers have discovered and tested the performance, characteristics and transmission of plant male sterility after decades of research However, in the process of cognition, it also brings one-sidedness and limitations and fails to reveal its essence.This article talks about the genetics of male sterility and the reasons for its formation, and talks about the superficial opinions.