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糖尿病是一种因胰岛素作用的相对不足引起的病理表现,大致可以分为胰岛素依赖性糖尿病(IDDM)和胰岛素不依赖性糖尿病(NIDDM)两种。一般认为前者的发病原因是随着胰岛β细胞的破坏,胰岛素的分泌绝对降低;而后者的原因则是多种多样的,推想是由于胰岛素作用不足造成的。从这一观点来看,弄清胰岛素的作用机制很重要。从胰岛β细胞分泌出来的胰岛素分子,如进入血中,就可以到达肝脏、肌肉、脂肪等靶组织,在那里与靶细胞膜表面上的被称为胰岛素受体的蛋白质特异性地结合。可以认为,这种特异性地结合是全部胰岛素作用的第一步。但是,胰岛素受体只可领会为它是~(125)Ⅰ胰岛素的特异性结合,而其作为蛋白质的实体则长期不明。以前,即使每天使用1,000～10,000单位的
Diabetes mellitus is a pathological manifestation caused by the relative deficiency of insulin action and can be divided into two types: insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and insulin-independent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Generally believed that the incidence of the former is due to the destruction of pancreatic β cells, insulin secretion decreased; the latter is due to a variety of reasons, the assumption is due to lack of insulin caused. From this point of view, it is important to understand the mechanism of action of insulin. Insulin molecules secreted from islet beta cells, if they enter the bloodstream, can reach target tissues such as the liver, muscle, fat, where they specifically bind to proteins called insulin receptor on the surface of the target cell membrane. It is believed that this specific binding is the first step in the overall insulin action. However, the insulin receptor can only be appreciated for its specific binding to ~ (125) I insulin, and its long-standing unknown as a protein entity. In the past, even 1,000 to 10,000 units were used daily