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采用化学分析、金相检验、扫描电镜和能谱仪等对客车辋裂车轮进行分析。结果表明:在裂纹源区域存在棱角分明的Al2O3夹杂,即使夹杂物符合标准但因其组成结构及形态控制不合理,在材料使用状态恶化时,也可造成辋裂失效。通过将铁路客车及高速列车用车轮钢中氧化物控制为“球状Mn S包裹氧化物”复合结构,并使其微细化与弥散化分布,可缓减脆性夹杂对基体组织的割裂、划伤作用,减小脆性夹杂物对基体组织产生的嵌镶应力,减小形成裂纹源的可能性,提高材料的疲劳寿命,防止辋裂。
The chemical analysis, metallographic examination, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy were used to analyze the car rims. The results show that there are angular inclusion of Al2O3 inclusions in the crack source region. Even if the inclusions meet the standard but the structure and morphology of the inclusions are not controlled properly, the ripping failure can also occur when the material condition deteriorates. By controlling the oxides in the steel for railway passenger cars and high-speed trains to be “spherical Mn S-coated oxide” composite structures and miniaturizing and dispersing the same, the fragmentation of the matrix can be reduced. The role of injury, reduce brittle inclusions on the matrix generated mosaic stress, reduce the possibility of the formation of crack sources, improve the fatigue life of the material to prevent cracking.