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最可几统计法和系综统计法是统计物理中两种重要的方法。最可几统计法数学处理简单,学生较易理解。但在推导过程中应用了斯特令近似公式,不够严谨,而且只能处理由近独立粒子组成的孤立系统的问题。系综统计法则能克服上述困难,可以处理粒子间有相互作用的孤立系统、封闭系统和开放系统的问题。特别是巨正则系综更是具有普遍性和代表性。因此,在讲述其它几种分布后,要讲述巨正则分布。不仅推导出巨正则分布的分布函数及热力学性质,更重要的是要指出巨正则分布与其它分布的区别相联系。使学生对统计物理的内容有比较系统和完整的了解。
The most probable statistics and ensemble statistics are two important methods in statistical physics. Mathematical statistics most likely to deal with simple, easy to understand students. However, the Stauter approximation formula is applied in the derivation process, which is not rigorous enough and can only deal with the problem of orphan systems composed of near independent particles. Ensemble statistical rules can overcome the above difficulties and can deal with the problem of isolated systems, closed systems and open systems with interaction between particles. In particular, giant regular ensembles are more universal and representative. Therefore, after describing the other distributions, we will discuss the giant canonical distribution. It not only derives the distribution function and thermodynamic properties of the canonical distribution, but more importantly points out the relationship between the canonical distribution and other distributions. Enable students to have a more systematic and complete understanding of the contents of statistical physics.