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2004年12月26日,由于欧亚板块的碰撞,40年以来最大的地震灾害发生在印度洋。地震诱发的海啸影响到Nangroe Aceh Darussalam省的许多城市,包括省会城市班达阿齐。在这地区共有超过12万人死亡,100万人无家可归。基于遥感数据的分析表明,有12万亩的土地受到了灾害。在班达阿齐市,鱼塘、住宅用地和保护区的变化是这一地区最显著的土地利用/覆盖变化,受灾前后这些用地类型的面积相应的变化了61.5%、57.8%和77.6%。目前,印度尼西亚中央政府正在计划一个新的海岸带土地利用规划,在原来密集的海岸带建立一个缓冲区(约距海岸带2 km)。政府已经要求许多海岸带的社区代表与非政府组织参与到决策的过程中。为了选择并采取最佳的土地利用方式,海啸灾害后的海岸带规划应该包括一些重要的基本要素。本研究主要关注作为该省社会经济活动中心的班达阿齐市。检测了由于海啸灾害造成的土地利用/覆盖变化(包括物理破坏),特别是农业用地和居住区用地的变化,并且分析了受灾村落的不同类型及灾害对社会经济活动造成的影响。此外,还为政府以及当地居民在灾后的规划中选择更为可持续的空间布局方案提出了建议。
On December 26, 2004, the largest earthquake disaster in 40 years occurred in the Indian Ocean due to the collision of Eurasia plates. The earthquake-induced tsunami affected many cities in Nangroe Aceh Darussalam province, including the capital city of Banda Aceh. More than 120,000 people were killed and 1 million were left homeless in this area. Analysis based on remote sensing data shows that 12 million mu of land have been affected by the disaster. In Banda Aceh, the changes in fish ponds, residential sites and protected areas are the most significant land-use / cover changes in the area, with corresponding changes of 61.5%, 57.8% and 77.6% in the area before and after the earthquake. Currently, the Indonesian Central Government is planning a new coastal land use plan to create a buffer zone (about 2 km from the coast) on the previously intensive coastal zone. The government has demanded that many coastal zone community representatives and non-governmental organizations be involved in the decision-making process. In order to choose and adopt the best land-use pattern, the coastal zone plan after the tsunami should include some important basic elements. This study focuses on Banda Aceh, the province’s socio-economic center. Changes in land use / cover (including physical damage) caused by tsunami disasters, in particular changes in agricultural and residential areas, were examined and the socio-economic impacts of different types of disasters and disasters were analyzed. In addition, suggestions were made for the government and local residents to choose a more sustainable spatial layout plan in the aftermath of the disaster.