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高一经济常识教材中提到“引进外资是我国经济发展的一个重要手段”。但是在教学中存在一个明显的问题:中国的高储蓄率和庞大的储蓄余额意味着有大量的富裕资金,中国并不缺乏资金,这时引进外资的作用是什么?外资为什么还会大量涌入中国?从中学教材中无法得到答案。因此只有凭借国际经济学的一些经典理论和最新的经济学学术观点,才能对此做出解释。一、两缺口理论(1)缺口的概念。在宏观经济学中,S=I 即储蓄能够顺利地转化为投资是经济增长的基本条件,但国内资源不足以支持理想的增长速度时,出现了缺口,引进外部资源弥补这些缺口便成为必要。(2)两缺口的模型。该模型主要考虑的是储蓄与外汇缺口,从国民经济的基本恒等式总收入等于总供给可以得出:总供给=C+S+T+M(C 为消费,S 为储蓄,T 为税收,M 为进口,X 为出口),总需求=C+I+G+X(I 为投资、G
High-level economic common sense textbooks mentioned “introduction of foreign capital is an important means of China’s economic development ”. However, there is a clear problem in teaching: China’s high savings rate and huge savings balance mean that there are a large number of wealthy funds, and China is not short of funds. What is the role of foreign investment at this time? Why are there soaring foreign investment? China? Can’t get answers from high school textbooks. Therefore, only by virtue of some classical theories of international economics and the latest academic viewpoints of economics can we explain this. One, two notch theory (1) the notch concept. In macroeconomics, S=I, that is, savings can be successfully converted into investment is the basic condition for economic growth, but when domestic resources are insufficient to support the desired growth rate, there is a gap. It is necessary to introduce external resources to make up for these gaps. (2) Two-notch model. The model mainly considers savings and foreign exchange gaps. The total income from the basic identity of the national economy is equal to the total supply: Total supply = C + S + T + M (C is consumption, S is savings, T is tax, M For import, X is export), total demand = C+I+G+X (I is investment, G