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目的了解常州市大气污染对小学生患病情况和肺功能的影响,为采取有效措施控制疾病发生及改善肺功能提供参考。方法在常州市武进区随机选择1所小学,按整群随机抽样的方法选取小学三至五年级共634名学生,对研究对象开展问卷调查和肺功能检测,结合环境监测的结果,分析雾霾天气对小学生患病情况及肺功能的影响。结果雾霾当天共有99人次患相关疾病,其中以呼吸系统疾病为主(63人次,占63.6%),其次为感染性疾病(16人次,占16.2%);雾霾日小学生的肺功能指标中的用力肺活量(FVC)、1s用力呼吸量(FEV1)、呼气峰值流速(PEF),75%FVC时的用力呼气流量(V75)[(1.68±0.44)L,(1.60±0.40)L,(2.86±1.10)L/s,(2.66±1.11)L]水平均低于非霾日[(1.48±0.49)L,(1.40±0.42)L,(2.26±1.01)L/s,(1.99±1.04)L],差异均具有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。结论大气污染与小学生患病人数增加和肺功能下降有一定关联。应采取有效措施改善空气质量。
Objective To understand the influence of air pollution on the prevalence and pulmonary function of primary school students in Changzhou and provide reference for taking effective measures to control the occurrence of diseases and improving lung function. Methods One primary school was randomly selected in Wujin District of Changzhou City. A total of 634 primary school students from Grade 3 to Grade 5 were selected randomly. The questionnaires and pulmonary function tests were performed on the subjects. Combined with the results of environmental monitoring, The impact of the weather on the prevalence and pulmonary function of pupils. Results A total of 99 people were suffering from the disease on the day of haze, of which 63 were respiratory diseases (63 person-times, accounting for 63.6%), followed by infectious diseases (16 persons, accounting for 16.2%). In the haze pupils’ (1.68 ± 0.44) L, (1.60 ± 0.40) L, and forced expiratory flow rate (V75) at 75% FVC were measured with FVC, FEV1, PEF, (2.86 ± 1.10) L / s, (2.66 ± 1.11) L] were lower than those of non-haze days [(1.48 ± 0.49) L, 1.04) L], the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Conclusions Air pollution is associated with an increase in the number of primary school students and a decline in lung function. Effective measures should be taken to improve air quality.