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本文总结了国际上对重大自然灾害应急资源问题的研究状况与趋势,给出了非常规突发事件应急资源布局的特征及风险分析、情景分析在应急资源布局与调度研究中的应用。系统地提出了应急资源体系研究的原则、内容与关键问题。强调应对重大自然灾害只有在应急资源需求分析的基础上,综合分析应急资源需求的结构和数量,在平战结合和全社会资源统筹协调原则下,对有限的应急资源合理选址与配置,才能及时有效地调动全社会资源,真正提高资源保障能力,从而使灾害损失减到最少。为此,极为需要研究应急资源体系的原则、构成、主要问题的模型、方法及相应的投入保障机制。最后提出了有待进一步开展研究的重要问题。
This article summarizes the international research status and trends of emergency resources for major natural disasters, and presents the characteristics and risk analysis of emergency resources layout for unconventional emergencies and the application of scenario analysis in the research of emergency resources deployment and dispatch. Systematically put forward the principle, content and key problems of emergency resource system research. Emphasizing that coping with major natural disasters should only be based on the analysis of the needs of emergency resources and the comprehensive analysis of the structure and quantity of emergency resource needs. Under the principle of combining peacetime and wartime with the overall coordination of resources in the whole society, the reasonable selection and allocation of limited emergency resources Timely and effectively mobilize the resources of society as a whole, and truly enhance the capability of safeguarding resources so that disaster losses can be minimized. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to study the principles, constitution, models and methods of the main problems and the corresponding input guarantee mechanism. Finally, the important issues to be further studied are put forward.